psychiatric illness Flashcards
What percentage of people will experience some form of mental disorder in life?
Almost 50%
Name 4 groups of people more at risk of poor mental health in childhood
Any from:
- parental use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs during pregnancy
- maternal stress during pregnancy
- poor parental mental health
- parental unemployment
- child abuse
Name 4 groups of people more at risk of poor mental health in adulthood
Any from:
- lower income and debt
- violence
- housing
- unemployment
- suicide
- stressful life events
What is generalised anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Having regular or uncontrollable worries about many different things in everyday life
What is panic disorder?
Having regular or frequent panic attacks without a clear cause or trigger
What is a phobia?
An extreme fear or anxiety triggered by a particular situation or object
What is depression?
A mental disorder characterised by depressed or sad mood, diminished interest in activities that used to be pleasurable, weight gain or loss, fatigue, difficulties concentrating as well as recurrent thoughts of death
Name 3 dental implications of depression
Chronic facial pain
Burning mouth or sore throat (oral dysaesthesia)
TMD
What are some other oral complaints from depression?
Discharges in the mouth
Dry mouth despite normal salivary flow
Spots or lumps
Halitosis
Disturbed taste sensation
What is Tardive dyskinesia and who is mostly affected?
Involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk and extremeties
Affects 15-20% of patients who have been receiving antipsychotics
What is psychosis?
When people lose some contact with reality
May involve seeing or hearing things that others cannot see or hear (hallucinations) and believing things that are not actually true (delusions)
Name 3 causes of psychosis
Schizophrenia
Bipolar disorder
Severe depression
Give 2 examples of positive symptoms
Hallucinations
Delusions
What are negative symptoms?
A withdrawal or lack of function that you would not usually expect to see in a healthy person
Name 4 dental side effects of psychosis drugs
Postural hypotension
Facial dyskinesias - with difficulties speaking and swallowing
Hypersalivation
Xerostomia
What are eating disorders and who is mostly affected?
Severe persistent disturbance in eating behaviour associated with distressing thoughts and emotions
Affects 5% of the population
More common in females
Often develops ni adolescence
Name 4 eating disorders
Any from:
- anorexia nervosa
- bulimia nervosa
- binge eating disorder
- avoidant restrictive food intake disorder
- rumination disorder
What is anorexia nervosa?
Self starvation and weight loss resulting in low weight for height and age
BMI <18.5
Driven by intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat
What is bulimia nervosa?
Alternate dieting with binging on forbidden foods
Patient can be underweight or obese
Binges can be followed by vomiting, fasting, laxative misuse and exercise
What are the oral signs of bulimia nervosa?
Caries
Erosion
Sialosis
Mouth ulcers
Halitosis
Name 4 dental implications of eating disorders
Any from:
- angular cheilitis
- glossitis
- candidiasis
- oral ulceration
- sialosis
- xerostomia
- dental hypersensitivity
- caries
- periodontal disease
- erosion
How can you help a pt with an eating disorder as a dentist?
Offer safe space for pt to open up
Do not lecture or scrutinise
Offer simple facts on what may have caused the dental problems
Know how to signpost for help if pt opens up
Offfer support and regular appointments to review the dentition
SCOFF questionnaire - sick, control, one stone, fat, food
What is Prilocarpine HCl used for?
To enhance salivary secretions in pts with some functional salivary glands
Name 4 salivary substitutes
Glandosane - acidic so avoid in dentate patients
Saliva orthana
Biotene Oral Balance gel
BioXtra gel
What does xerostomia affect?
Chewing
Swallowing (dysphagia)
Speech (dysarthria)
Taste (dysgeusia)
Quality of life
