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Psych207 Flashcards

1
Q

Psychoanalytic theories

A

Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory

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2
Q

Learning theories

A

Watson’s behaviourism, skinners operant conditioning and bandura’s social learning theory

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3
Q

Social cognitive theories

A

Dodge’s social information processing theory and Dweck’s theory of self attributions and achievement motivation

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4
Q

Ecological theories

A

Lorenz and Imprinting, and Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological model

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5
Q

What is Freud’s psychosexual theory

A

Believed many of his patients emotional problems originated from sexual behaviours in childhood.

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6
Q

What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development

A

Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital

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7
Q

Id

A

Early stage, impulsive and unconcious needs

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8
Q

Ego

A

Emerges later on, rational and logical part steers id and super ego into place.

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9
Q

Superego

A

Preconcious, moralizing role, aware of social norms

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10
Q

What is Erikson’s psychosocial theory

A

Accepted basic parts of freud’s theory, but emphasised the role of social factors and the ego.

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11
Q

How many stages are there in Sigmunds psychosocial theory

A

7 stages

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12
Q

What psychosocial stage has the longest lasting impact

A

Identity vs role confusion (adolesence)

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13
Q

What are the 7 psychosocial stages

A

Trust vs mistrust, Autonomy vs shame and doubt, Industry vs inferiority, Identity vs role confusion, Intimacy vs isolation, Generativity vs stagnation,Integrity vs despair

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14
Q

Who’s theories are social learning theories

A

Watson, Skinner, Bandura

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15
Q

What does John Watson’s theory involve.

A

Strictly focused on behaviourism as an observable behaviour. Development is determined by a child’s environment (classical conditioning).

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16
Q

What does BF skinners theory involve

A

Development determined by child’s environment through operant conditioning. Reinforcement and punishment.

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17
Q

What is bandura’s social learning theory

A

Emphasises observation and imitation as the primary mechanisms of development. Bobo doll experiment.

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18
Q

Reciprocal Determinism

A

Theory that behaviour, cognition, and enviroment all interact and influence one another.

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19
Q

Dodges social information processing theory

A

Focus on how people process their social environment. Focuses on aggressive behaviour. Hostile attribution bias, tendency to interpret peoples ambiguous behaviours as antagonistic.

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20
Q

Dwecks theory of self attributions and achievement motivations.

A

Achievement motivations: learning or peformance goals. Learning goals seek skill and competence, peformance goals want positive assesment. Incremental orientation and entity orientation.

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21
Q

Lorenz theory with imprinting

A

Study of animal behvaiour in natural settings. Imprinting: learning in which newborns attach to their adult members. Bowlby’s attachment theory: predisposition to attach to caregivers early on.

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22
Q

Evolutionary theories

A

Focus on natural selection and adaptation. Favourable genes and pass on. Parental investment theory: Parents are motivated to care for children to perpetrate their genes.

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23
Q

Bronfenbrenner’s biological model

A

Involves a series of influence that make up a child’s enviroment. Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem,macrosystem and chronosystem

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24
Q

Children have friends from what age

A

2 years old

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25
Q

Sociometric status

A

The degree to which a child is liked or disliked and whether they are prominent by their peers overall

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26
Q

5 main peer status categories

A

Popular, rejected, neglected, average, controversial

27
Q

Popular

A

highly liked and highly prominent

28
Q

Rejected

A

Not liked and highly prominent

29
Q

Neglected

A

Not especially liked or disliked and low prominence

30
Q

Average

A

Moderate scores on liking and prominence

31
Q

Controversial

A

Liked an average amount and highly prominent

32
Q

Two types of social withdrawal

A

Conflicted shyness, social disinterest

33
Q

Self concept

A

Conceptual system made up of one’s thoughts and attitudes about oneself.

34
Q

What is the rogue test

A

Red mark on child’s forehead to see if they recognise themselves. Tests self concept

35
Q

Self esteem

A

A person’s overall subjective evaluation of their worth and the feelings they have about that evaluation.

36
Q

Identity

A

A definition of the self in terms of roles, beliefs, afilliations and characteristics.

37
Q

What are the 4 identity statuses

A

Identity achievement, Identity foreclosure, Identity moratorium, Identity diffusion

38
Q

Identity Achievement

A

Achieved a coherent and consolidated identity

39
Q

Identity moratorium

A

Exploring choices but has not made a clear commitment

40
Q

Idenity foreclosure

A

Not exploring, has made vocational or ideological identity based on the choices or values of others.

41
Q

Identity diffusion

A

No firm commitments, not exploring in an effort to decide how to commit

42
Q

Emotion

A

Relatively intense feeling, triggered by a stimulus, requires some form of stimulation

43
Q

Mood

A

Something longer lasting, genuinely more intense than an emotion, isin’t necessarily triggered by a stimulus

44
Q

Affect

A

Broadest term of the three

45
Q

Functions of emotions

A

Motivational importance, Individual functions, social functions

46
Q

Self conscious

A

Emotions which relate to our sense of self and our awareness of other reactions to us

47
Q

Social referencing

A

Using others emotional cues to decide how to react to no novel or ambiguous stimuli

48
Q

By 3 months what facial expressions can children distinguish

A

Happiness, surprise and anger

49
Q

By 7 months they can also distinguish between

A

Fear, sadness, and interest

50
Q

Three temperament categories

A

Easy babies, difficult babies, slow to warm up babies

51
Q

Score children temperament based on 5 categories

A

Fear, distress or anger, attention span, activity level, smiling and laughter

52
Q

Attachement

A

An enduring emotional bond with a person

53
Q

Four attachment styles

A

Secure attachment, Insecure resistant, insecure avoidant, disorganised

54
Q

Main cause of individual differences in attachment styles

A

Parenting, parental sensitvitity

55
Q

4 parenting styles and there levels of control and warmth

A

Authoritative (high control and high warmth), authoritariation (high control and low warmth), permissive (low control and high warmth), rejecting-neglecting (low warmth and low control).

56
Q

Moral judgement

A

deciding whether an action is morally right or wrong

57
Q

Moral reasoning

A

justifications for one’s moral decisions

58
Q

Moral emotions

A

Emotions that reflect internalised moral principles

59
Q

Moral behaviours

A

actions consistent with moral principles

60
Q

Conscience

A

Internal regulatory mechanism which tries to guide a person to behave in accord with their internalised moral norms

61
Q

Levels of moral reasoning

A

Preconventional, conventional, postconventional

62
Q

Kohlberg’s theory

A

Moral, social, personal

63
Q

Turiel’s social domain theory

A

Moral domain (principles of justice,fairness, and welfare). Social conventional domain (conventions, traditions,rituals, tied to specific situation).Personal domain (autonomy, individual choice)

64
Q
A

Psych207 (4 decks)

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