Psych207 Flashcards
(64 cards)
Psychoanalytic theories
Freud’s psychosexual theory and Erikson’s psychosocial theory
Learning theories
Watson’s behaviourism, skinners operant conditioning and bandura’s social learning theory
Social cognitive theories
Dodge’s social information processing theory and Dweck’s theory of self attributions and achievement motivation
Ecological theories
Lorenz and Imprinting, and Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological model
What is Freud’s psychosexual theory
Believed many of his patients emotional problems originated from sexual behaviours in childhood.
What are the 5 stages of psychosexual development
Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency and Genital
Id
Early stage, impulsive and unconcious needs
Ego
Emerges later on, rational and logical part steers id and super ego into place.
Superego
Preconcious, moralizing role, aware of social norms
What is Erikson’s psychosocial theory
Accepted basic parts of freud’s theory, but emphasised the role of social factors and the ego.
How many stages are there in Sigmunds psychosocial theory
7 stages
What psychosocial stage has the longest lasting impact
Identity vs role confusion (adolesence)
What are the 7 psychosocial stages
Trust vs mistrust, Autonomy vs shame and doubt, Industry vs inferiority, Identity vs role confusion, Intimacy vs isolation, Generativity vs stagnation,Integrity vs despair
Who’s theories are social learning theories
Watson, Skinner, Bandura
What does John Watson’s theory involve.
Strictly focused on behaviourism as an observable behaviour. Development is determined by a child’s environment (classical conditioning).
What does BF skinners theory involve
Development determined by child’s environment through operant conditioning. Reinforcement and punishment.
What is bandura’s social learning theory
Emphasises observation and imitation as the primary mechanisms of development. Bobo doll experiment.
Reciprocal Determinism
Theory that behaviour, cognition, and enviroment all interact and influence one another.
Dodges social information processing theory
Focus on how people process their social environment. Focuses on aggressive behaviour. Hostile attribution bias, tendency to interpret peoples ambiguous behaviours as antagonistic.
Dwecks theory of self attributions and achievement motivations.
Achievement motivations: learning or peformance goals. Learning goals seek skill and competence, peformance goals want positive assesment. Incremental orientation and entity orientation.
Lorenz theory with imprinting
Study of animal behvaiour in natural settings. Imprinting: learning in which newborns attach to their adult members. Bowlby’s attachment theory: predisposition to attach to caregivers early on.
Evolutionary theories
Focus on natural selection and adaptation. Favourable genes and pass on. Parental investment theory: Parents are motivated to care for children to perpetrate their genes.
Bronfenbrenner’s biological model
Involves a series of influence that make up a child’s enviroment. Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem,macrosystem and chronosystem
Children have friends from what age
2 years old
