Psych Unit I & II Flashcards
The body cannot differentiate between positive and negative stimuli–> Distress — Eustress
Distress–> is a negative
Eustress–> is a positive
Gas 3 stages
General adaptation syndrome
1) the alarm stage- (or acute stress) fight or flight ( to the stressor)
During this stage there are 3 principle responses
* sympathetic–> hypothalamus–> adrenal–> catecholamine
adrenalin== increased HR, RR, BP, to enhance speed
and strength, pupils dilate.. Blood is shunted
* Corticosteroids ( more muscle endurance and stamina whereas
nonessential (digestive) are decreased
* Endorphins released to decrease sensitivity to pain and injury
2) Resistance stage–during this time optimal resistance to the stressor occurs– usually the stressors are successfully overcome but if not then the Final exhaustion stage
2) Exhaustion stage–occurs when attempts to resist the stressor doesn’t work. Resources are depleted– and the stressor become chronic, producing a wide array of psychological and physiological responses and even death.
Mellow
Introduced 2nd theoretical approach to psychiatric nursing
, called “nursing therapy” which applied psychoanalytical theory in one-to-one interactions w/ pts who had schizophrenia
Paplau’s
“Interpersonal relations with nurses” (book) (Nurse- patient relationship )Promoted the primary role of the nurse as a psychotherapist or counselor rather than a mother surrogate, socialized, or manager.
Orlando
Initiated the term Nursing process. She presented a general theoretical framework for all nurse-patient relationships that focused on the pt identifying the meaning of behavior and what the nurse could do to help
Wrote the book The Dynamic Nurse- Patient Relationship
Delusion
Fixed falsies belief
Hallucination
False sensory
3 Therapeutic relationships
1) Social– Most common
* work for a common good
* predetermine goal (ect: get playground for children)
* meet their own needs
2) Intimate– Between 2 persons
3) Therapeutic– Helpful purposeful interaction between health care
provider and one with needs ( always focused on
pts needs)
Transference
Client transfers
Countertransference
Nurse transfers onto pt
Proxemics (refers to personal space) 3
Personal distance–> 18-40”— 1’6”–3’4”
Social distance–>. 4-12’
Public distance–>. 12+’
Body language– involves 2 elements
Kinesics & Proxemics
Kinesics
Associated with physical characteristics– body movement and posture. Facial expressions, eye contact, or lack of. Holds head, legs arms rolls eyes……
3 phases of therapeutic relationships
1) Orientation phase— can last a few minutes or extends over a longer period
* Atmosphere is established
* The nurses role is clarified and the nurses and the
pt responsibilities are defined
* Confidentiality is discussed and assumed
* The terms of Terminations are introduced and
discussed throughout orientation and beyond
* Pt problems are articulated and mutually agreed
upon, goals are established
2) Working Phase–development f a strong working
relationship
* Maintain the relationship
* share information
* Gather further data
* Client expresses thoughts and feelings
* problem solving occurs
* May be a highly emotional phase
3) Termination— Actually begins in orientation phase
* Summarizing the goals and objectives
* Discuss ways to incorporate into life any new
coping strategies
* Reviewing
* Exchanging memories–facilitates closure–
Can evoke strong feelings in both
guided imagery
The physiological basis of guided imagery is
B-endorphins released raises the pain threshold
Clinical supervision focuses on what
The Nurses behavior in the nurse-client relationship
Melieu Therapy
Creates an environment that is supportive, therapeutic and safe.
3 prevention stages Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Primary–> Preventing the the initial onset of a mental health problem
Secondary–> Deals w/ early detection of disease
Tertiary —-> Deals w/ prevention of further problems in clients already diagnosed with mental illness
2 Factors that affect mental health
1) Inherited
2) Biological–> Focuses on neurological, chemical biological, genetics
12 Coping mechanisms
1) Denial
2) Repression
3) Displacement
4) Projection
5) Reaction Formation
6) Regression (Dissociation)
7) Suppression
8) Identification
9) Rationalization
10) Sublimation
11) Fantasy
12) Intellectualization
Denial
Coping mechanism
Unconcious– gives us time to adapt to a situation (adaptive– good)
(Maladaptive–bad)–> drug abuse –denial
Regression
Coping mechanism
EX) When new baby comes home and older baby regresses starts sucking thumb
Displacement
Coping mechanism
Unconcious– Transfer of expression of emotion from original source
Ex) come home in bad mood from work and take it out on family
Projection
Coping mechanism
Placing of feelings on someone else
Ex) “Its not my fault its yours”
Reaction formation (Coping mechanism)
Acts opposite of how they feel
Ex) Hates someone but is very nice to them
Regression (Dissociation)
Coping mechanism
Forces certain feelings into the the unconscious
“Flashbacks–forgets events that brought on anxiety
Suppression
Coping mechanism
Conscious process- Decides not to worry about it right now “Putting things off”
Identification
Coping mechanism
Conscious/unconscious
Attributing to ones self the characteristics of another person or group
Rationalization
Coping mechanism
Justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener
Classical Psychoanalysis
Freud developed but no longer in use–> Premise that all mental illness stems from Past relationships
BUT there are 2 very important concepts form classical Psychoanalysis for nurses to know
1) Transference
2) Countertransference
Free association
Says the 1st thing that comes to mind
Biological Model (theory)
Focuses on neurological, chemical, biological, and genetic issues and seeks to understand how the mind and body interact to create emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences
6 issues in mental health care
- Cost- there’s 2:1 pt:staff ratio which costs lots of money
- Unequal access to mental health care- only a 1/3 of pts get health care
- Care of the chronically mentally I’ll- lack of long term care facilities
- Care of the aging– with better health care (Obama health care) the more the population ages, more mentally ill pts
- Rise of self help groups
- Need for prevention of mental illness
GAD generalized anxiety disorder
What’s the key feature
Is excessive worry out of proportion to the true impact of events or situations
Hypothalamus
What it controls (5)
1) hunger
2) thirst
3) sex drives
4) thoughts and emotions
5) functioning of internal organs
Cerebellum
Regulation of skeletal muscle coordination, contraction and maintenance of equilibrium
Cerebrum
Responsible for our conscious thought perception. Of the external world and our own body, emotional status, memory and control of skeletal muscles that allow willful direction of movement, also responsible for language and the ability to communicate
Includes the frontal, partial, temporal and occipital lobes
