Psych Unit I & II

Question 0

The body cannot differentiate between positive and negative stimuli–> Distress — Eustress

Answer 0

Distress–> is a negative

Eustress–> is a positive

Question 1

Gas 3 stages

Answer 1

General adaptation syndrome
1) the alarm stage- (or acute stress) fight or flight ( to the stressor)
During this stage there are 3 principle responses
* sympathetic–> hypothalamus–> adrenal–> catecholamine
adrenalin== increased HR, RR, BP, to enhance speed
and strength, pupils dilate.. Blood is shunted
* Corticosteroids ( more muscle endurance and stamina whereas
nonessential (digestive) are decreased
* Endorphins released to decrease sensitivity to pain and injury
2) Resistance stage–during this time optimal resistance to the stressor occurs– usually the stressors are successfully overcome but if not then the Final exhaustion stage
2) Exhaustion stage–occurs when attempts to resist the stressor doesn’t work. Resources are depleted– and the stressor become chronic, producing a wide array of psychological and physiological responses and even death.

Question 2

Mellow

Answer 2

Introduced 2nd theoretical approach to psychiatric nursing

, called “nursing therapy” which applied psychoanalytical theory in one-to-one interactions w/ pts who had schizophrenia

Question 3

Paplau’s

Answer 3

“Interpersonal relations with nurses” (book) (Nurse- patient relationship )Promoted the primary role of the nurse as a psychotherapist or counselor rather than a mother surrogate, socialized, or manager.

Question 4

Orlando

Answer 4

Initiated the term Nursing process. She presented a general theoretical framework for all nurse-patient relationships that focused on the pt identifying the meaning of behavior and what the nurse could do to help
Wrote the book The Dynamic Nurse- Patient Relationship

Question 5

Delusion

Answer 5

Fixed falsies belief

Question 6

Hallucination

Answer 6

False sensory

Question 7

3 Therapeutic relationships

Answer 7

1) Social– Most common
* work for a common good
* predetermine goal (ect: get playground for children)
* meet their own needs
2) Intimate– Between 2 persons

3) Therapeutic– Helpful purposeful interaction between health care
provider and one with needs ( always focused on
pts needs)

Question 8

Transference

Answer 8

Client transfers

Question 9

Countertransference

Answer 9

Nurse transfers onto pt

Question 10

Proxemics (refers to personal space) 3

Answer 10

Personal distance–> 18-40”— 1’6”–3’4”

Social distance–>. 4-12’

Public distance–>. 12+’

Question 11

Body language– involves 2 elements

Answer 11

Kinesics & Proxemics

Question 12

Kinesics

Answer 12

Associated with physical characteristics– body movement and posture. Facial expressions, eye contact, or lack of. Holds head, legs arms rolls eyes……

Question 14

3 phases of therapeutic relationships

Answer 14

1) Orientation phase— can last a few minutes or extends over a longer period
* Atmosphere is established
* The nurses role is clarified and the nurses and the
pt responsibilities are defined
* Confidentiality is discussed and assumed
* The terms of Terminations are introduced and
discussed throughout orientation and beyond
* Pt problems are articulated and mutually agreed
upon, goals are established
2) Working Phase–development f a strong working
relationship
* Maintain the relationship
* share information
* Gather further data
* Client expresses thoughts and feelings
* problem solving occurs
* May be a highly emotional phase
3) Termination— Actually begins in orientation phase
* Summarizing the goals and objectives
* Discuss ways to incorporate into life any new
coping strategies
* Reviewing
* Exchanging memories–facilitates closure–
Can evoke strong feelings in both

Question 15

guided imagery

Answer 15

The physiological basis of guided imagery is

B-endorphins released raises the pain threshold

Question 16

Clinical supervision focuses on what

Answer 16

The Nurses behavior in the nurse-client relationship

Question 17

Melieu Therapy

Answer 17

Creates an environment that is supportive, therapeutic and safe.

Question 18

3 prevention stages Primary
Secondary
Tertiary

Answer 18

Primary–> Preventing the the initial onset of a mental health problem
Secondary–> Deals w/ early detection of disease
Tertiary —-> Deals w/ prevention of further problems in clients already diagnosed with mental illness

Question 19

2 Factors that affect mental health

Answer 19

1) Inherited

2) Biological–> Focuses on neurological, chemical biological, genetics

Question 20

12 Coping mechanisms

Answer 20

1) Denial
2) Repression
3) Displacement
4) Projection
5) Reaction Formation
6) Regression (Dissociation)
7) Suppression
8) Identification
9) Rationalization
10) Sublimation
11) Fantasy
12) Intellectualization

Question 21

Denial

Coping mechanism

Answer 21

Unconcious– gives us time to adapt to a situation (adaptive– good)
(Maladaptive–bad)–> drug abuse –denial

Question 22

Regression

Coping mechanism

Answer 22

EX) When new baby comes home and older baby regresses starts sucking thumb

Question 23

Displacement

Coping mechanism

Answer 23

Unconcious– Transfer of expression of emotion from original source
Ex) come home in bad mood from work and take it out on family

Question 24

Projection

Coping mechanism

Answer 24

Placing of feelings on someone else

Ex) “Its not my fault its yours”

Question 25

Reaction formation
(Coping mechanism)

Answer 25

Acts opposite of how they feel

Ex) Hates someone but is very nice to them

Question 26

Regression (Dissociation)

Coping mechanism

Answer 26

Forces certain feelings into the the unconscious

“Flashbacks–forgets events that brought on anxiety

Question 27

Suppression

Coping mechanism

Answer 27

Conscious process- Decides not to worry about it right now “Putting things off”

Question 28

Identification

Coping mechanism

Answer 28

Conscious/unconscious

Attributing to ones self the characteristics of another person or group

Question 29

Rationalization

Coping mechanism

Answer 29

Justifying illogical or unreasonable ideas, actions, or feelings by developing acceptable explanations that satisfy the teller as well as the listener

Question 30

Classical Psychoanalysis

Answer 30

Freud developed but no longer in use–> Premise that all mental illness stems from Past relationships
BUT there are 2 very important concepts form classical Psychoanalysis for nurses to know
1) Transference
2) Countertransference

Question 31

Free association

Answer 31

Says the 1st thing that comes to mind

Question 32

Biological Model (theory)

Answer 32

Focuses on neurological, chemical, biological, and genetic issues and seeks to understand how the mind and body interact to create emotions, memories, and perceptual experiences

Question 33

6 issues in mental health care

Answer 33

• Cost- there’s 2:1 pt:staff ratio which costs lots of money
• Unequal access to mental health care- only a 1/3 of pts get health care
• Care of the chronically mentally I’ll- lack of long term care facilities
• Care of the aging– with better health care (Obama health care) the more the population ages, more mentally ill pts
• Rise of self help groups
• Need for prevention of mental illness

Question 34

GAD generalized anxiety disorder

What’s the key feature

Answer 34

Is excessive worry out of proportion to the true impact of events or situations

Question 35

Hypothalamus

What it controls (5)

Answer 35

1) hunger
2) thirst
3) sex drives
4) thoughts and emotions
5) functioning of internal organs

Question 36

Cerebellum

Answer 36

Regulation of skeletal muscle coordination, contraction and maintenance of equilibrium

Question 37

Cerebrum

Answer 37

Responsible for our conscious thought perception. Of the external world and our own body, emotional status, memory and control of skeletal muscles that allow willful direction of movement, also responsible for language and the ability to communicate

Includes the frontal, partial, temporal and occipital lobes