Psych Unit 2: Chapter 4

Question 2

stimulants that are synthesized in laboratories rather than being found in nature

Answer 2

amphetamines

Question 3

a natural drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant

Answer 3

cocaine

Question 4

the active ingredient in tobacco

Answer 4

nicotine

Question 5

a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances

Answer 5

caffeine

Question 6

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

Answer 6

benzodiazepines

Question 7

the chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter

Answer 7

alcohol

Question 8

narcotic drug derived from opium , used to treat severe pain

Answer 8

morphine

Question 9

narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

Answer 9

heroin

Question 10

drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality

Answer 10

hallucinogens

Question 11

powerful synthetic hallucinogen

Answer 11

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

Question 12

synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects

Answer 12

PCP

Question 13

designer drug that can both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

Answer 13

escstasy (MDMA)

Question 14

drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

Answer 14

stimulatory hallucinogenics

Question 15

mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

Answer 15

marijuana

Question 16

a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period

Answer 16

circadian rhythm

Question 17

a person’s awareness of everything that is going on around them at any given time

Answer 17

consciousness

Question 18

a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares

Answer 18

REM behavior disorder

Question 19

any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

Answer 19

non-REM (NREM) sleep

Question 20

any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability

Answer 20

sleep deprivation

Question 21

bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

Answer 21

nightmares

Question 22

brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

Answer 22

theta waves

Question 23

brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

Answer 23

alpha waves

Question 24

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

Answer 24

microsleeps

Question 25

condition occurring when a person's body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

Answer 25

physical dependence

Question 26

disorder in which the person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep

Answer 26

sleep apnea

Question 27

divided state of conscious awareness

Answer 27

dissociation

Question 28

drugs including hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication

Answer 28

hallucinogenics

Question 29

drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

Answer 29

depressants

Question 30

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

Answer 30

stimulants

Question 31

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

Answer 31

REM rebound

Question 32

long, slow brain waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

Answer 32

delta waves

Question 33

occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one's sleep

Answer 33

sleepwalking/somnambulism

Question 34

physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems

Answer 34

withdrawal

Question 35

premise that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep

Answer 35

activation-synthesis hypothesis

Question 36

relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

Answer 36

night terrors

Question 37

revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

Answer 37

activation-information-mode model (AIM)

Question 38

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

Answer 38

narcolepsy

Question 39

smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity

Answer 39

beta waves

Question 40

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream

Answer 40

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Question 41

state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking conciousness

Answer 41

altered state of consciousness

Question 42

state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert

Answer 42

waking concisousness

Question 43

the decrease of the response to a drug over repeated uses, leading to the need for higher doses of drug to achieve the same effect

Answer 43

drug tolerance

Question 44

the feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

Answer 44

psychological dependence

Question 45

the inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

Answer 45

sleep paralysis

Question 46

the inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

Answer 46

insomnia

Question 47

theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

Answer 47

adaptive theory

Question 48

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

Answer 48

restorative theory

Question 49

theory that assumes that people are are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

Answer 49

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis