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AP Psych > Psych Unit 2: Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Psych Unit 2: Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

stimulants that are synthesized in laboratories rather than being found in nature

A

amphetamines

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3
Q

a natural drug derived from the leaves of the coca plant

A

cocaine

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4
Q

the active ingredient in tobacco

A

nicotine

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5
Q

a mild stimulant found in coffee, tea, and several other plant-based substances

A

caffeine

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6
Q

drugs that lower anxiety and reduce stress

A

benzodiazepines

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7
Q

the chemical resulting from fermentation or distillation of various kinds of vegetable matter

A

alcohol

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8
Q

narcotic drug derived from opium , used to treat severe pain

A

morphine

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9
Q

narcotic drug derived from opium that is extremely addictive

A

heroin

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10
Q

drugs that cause false sensory messages, altering the perception of reality

A

hallucinogens

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11
Q

powerful synthetic hallucinogen

A

lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)

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12
Q

synthesized drug now used as an animal tranquilizer that can cause stimulant, depressant, narcotic, or hallucinogenic effects

A

PCP

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13
Q

designer drug that can both stimulant and hallucinatory effects

A

escstasy (MDMA)

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14
Q

drugs that produce a mixture of psychomotor stimulant and hallucinogenic effects

A

stimulatory hallucinogenics

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15
Q

mild hallucinogen derived from the leaves and flowers of a particular type of hemp plant

A

marijuana

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16
Q

a cycle of bodily rhythm that occurs over a 24-hour period

A

circadian rhythm

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17
Q

a person’s awareness of everything that is going on around them at any given time

A

consciousness

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18
Q

a rare disorder in which the mechanism that blocks the movement of the voluntary muscles fails, allowing the person to thrash around and even get up and act out nightmares

A

REM behavior disorder

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19
Q

any of the stages of sleep that do not include REM

A

non-REM (NREM) sleep

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20
Q

any significant loss of sleep, resulting in problems in concentration and irritability

A

sleep deprivation

21
Q

bad dreams occurring during REM sleep

A

nightmares

22
Q

brain waves indicating the early stages of sleep

A

theta waves

23
Q

brain waves that indicate a state of relaxation or light sleep

A

alpha waves

24
Q

brief sidesteps into sleep lasting only a few seconds

A

microsleeps

25
Q

condition occurring when a person’s body becomes unable to function normally without a particular drug

A

physical dependence

26
Q

disorder in which the person stops breathing for 10 seconds or more during sleep

A

sleep apnea

27
Q

divided state of conscious awareness

A

dissociation

28
Q

drugs including hallucinogens and marijuana that produce hallucinations or increased feelings of relaxation and intoxication

A

hallucinogenics

29
Q

drugs that decrease the functioning of the nervous system

A

depressants

30
Q

drugs that increase the functioning of the nervous system

A

stimulants

31
Q

increased amounts of REM sleep after being deprived of REM sleep on earlier nights

A

REM rebound

32
Q

long, slow brain waves that indicate the deepest stage of sleep

A

delta waves

33
Q

occurring during deep sleep, an episode of moving around or walking around in one’s sleep

A

sleepwalking/somnambulism

34
Q

physical symptoms that can include nausea, pain, tremors, crankiness, and high blood pressure, resulting from a lack of an addictive drug in the body systems

A

withdrawal

35
Q

premise that states that dreams are created by the higher centers of the cortex to explain the activation by the brain stem of cortical cells during REM sleep

A

activation-synthesis hypothesis

36
Q

relatively rare disorder in which the person experiences extreme fear and screams or runs around during deep sleep without waking fully

A

night terrors

37
Q

revised version of the activation-synthesis explanation of dreams in which information that is accessed during waking hours can have an influence on the synthesis of dreams

A

activation-information-mode model (AIM)

38
Q

sleep disorder in which a person falls immediately into REM sleep during the day without warning

A

narcolepsy

39
Q

smaller and faster brain waves, typically indicating mental activity

A

beta waves

40
Q

stage of sleep in which the eyes move rapidly under the eyelids and the person is typically experiencing a dream

A

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

41
Q

state in which there is a shift in the quality or pattern of mental activity as compared to waking conciousness

A

altered state of consciousness

42
Q

state in which thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear, organized, and the person feels alert

A

waking concisousness

43
Q

the decrease of the response to a drug over repeated uses, leading to the need for higher doses of drug to achieve the same effect

A

drug tolerance

44
Q

the feeling that a drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well-being

A

psychological dependence

45
Q

the inability of the voluntary muscles to move during REM sleep

A

sleep paralysis

46
Q

the inability to get sleep, stay asleep, or get a good quality of sleep

A

insomnia

47
Q

theory of sleep proposing that animals and humans evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators by sleeping when predators are most active

A

adaptive theory

48
Q

theory of sleep proposing that sleep is necessary to the physical health of the body and serves to replenish chemicals and repair cellular damage

A

restorative theory

49
Q

theory that assumes that people are are hypnotized are not in an altered state but are merely playing the role expected of them in the situation

A

social-cognitive theory of hypnosis

AP Psych (2 decks)

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