Psych Test Review Flashcards
What is classical conditioning?
Takes a response to a particular stimulus and causes that same response to occur with another stimulus by repeatedly pairing the new stimulus with the original one.
What is operant conditioning?
States that the behavior can be conditioned by using positive reinforcements (rewards) or negative reinforcements (punishments)
What is positive reinforcement?
An event, situation or condition that increases the likelihood that a certain behavior will continue to occur.
What is negative reinforcement?
An event, situation or condition that decreases the likelihood that a certain behavior will continue to occur.
What does sensation refer to? What is sensation?
- It refers to our 5 senses: sight, sound, taste, smell and touch.
- Is the process in which our sense receptors are activated (sight, sound, smell, taste and touch) and are able to transmit signals (info) to the brain.
What is perception?
The process of acquiring info from the environment (through your senses) and organizing that info in a sensible way.
What are the 3 parts of the mind that Sigmund Freud described?
The ID, superego, and ego.
What is the ID in the 3 parts of the mind that Sigmund Freud described?
The ID is the biological component (instinct) and impulses. Informs us if we are hungry for example as it doesn’t care for social conventions, only on us or our needs.
What is superego in the 3 parts of mind Sigmund Freud described?
The part of mind concerned with social conventions and norms. Tell us what is acceptable or right in a given situation.
What is the ego in the 3 parts of the mind Sigmund Freud described?
The psychological component that is represented by our conscious decision making process. (Decided when our ID needs are greater than the superego’s.)
A category of objects or ideas for events that share characteristics are known as ___________. For instance we may group milk, juice and soda separate from butter chicken, doubles and pizza.
Concepts.
The aspects of _______ memory are received from the environment through our senses and records of information for only a few seconds. Examples include objects that we may see during driving or idle chatter occurring around us in class.
Sensory.
Major depression and bipolar affective disorder are examples of ______ disorders.
Mood.
Mental disorders affect people’s ability to function in society. For those who suffer from _________________, there is a persistent, unwanted thought that they cannot get rid of, it is usually followed by a compulsion.
Obsessive compulsive disorder.
When debating important social issues such as the use of race-based statistics, we attempt to evaluate two opposing points of view. We often use this process when voting, so that we can evaluate different viewpoints and decide which political party to support. This type of reasoning is known as _______________.
Dialectical reasoning.
