Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych > psych test 3 > Flashcards

psych test 3 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

stages of prenatal development

A

Germinal stage: zygote: mass of multiplying cells, 2 weeks after conception.
Embryonic stage: 2 weeks to second month. Vital organs and bodily systems form
Fetal stage: 2 months till birth. muscles & bones grow, physical movements, organs continue to grow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

placenta

A

structure that allows oxygen and nutrients to pass into the fetus from the mothers blood stream and boil wastes to pass out to the mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

teratogen

A

factor that causes malformation of an embryo (FAS)

-alcohol, aspirin, caffeine, cocaine, heroin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

attachment

A

-close emotional bonds of affection that develop between infants and their care givers
-avoidant: cry and care giver givers harsh and not there
anxious-ambivalent: sometimes there, sometimes not
secure: cry and someones there
-By the time of crawling, 6-8 months, infants have created a bond with particular people in the fashion of separation anxiety.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

piagets definition of cognitive development

A
  • interaction with the environment and maturation gradually alter the way children think
  • Cognitive development: refers to transitions in youngsters’ patterns of thinking, including reasoning, remembering, and problem solving
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Temperment

A

biologically based differences in reactivity and regulation that form the core of personality (urgency or extroversion)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vygotskys theory

A
  • young children can accomplish more with adult guidance than alone.
  • proximal development: gap between what a child can do and what he is not yet capable of without help.
  • stressed the role of culture and cultural differences in development
  • gain knowledge by interacting socially with parents, teachers and siblings
  • Language acquisition plays a crucial, central role in fostering cognitive development
  • Children first use language to initial social contact and opportunities to learn
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Freud’s theory of personality

A
  • id (devil): present at birth, pleasure seeking, primary drives (hunger, thirst) (unconscious, not something we think about)
  • ego (balance): age 5ish- drives behavior (preconscious), component of personality seen by others
  • superego (angel)- age 3ish conscious moral principle
  • energy flows form one compartment to the next
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Repression

A

keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

fixation

A

a failure to move forward from one stage to another, maintains childlike behaviors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Freuds stages on development and main points

A

-biology pushes you from one stage to the next no matter how well you do in that stage
- if labido (energy) is not released you develop a fixation and regress to oral fixation
-under stress result to fixation
Oral stage: erotic stimulation in the mouth (biting sucking),
- anal stage (toilet training), phallic stage (genitals/masturbation, Oedipus complex),
-latency and genital stages (sexuality suppressed, sexual urges appear)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adlers inferiority complex

A
  • feeling of overcompensation (don’t feel successful, go buy expensive car)
  • birth order: factor governing personality. Treated differently by parents which affect their personality.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Banduras theory

A
  • Bandura speculates that personality is the product of three interacting forces: environment, behavior, and thoughts. He called the constant interaction among these three factors reciprocal determinism.
  • We choose to place ourselves in certain environments, and these environments then influence our behavior and the way we think
  • self efficacy: ones expectation of success in a given situation. able, how good you are in a certain situation, higher efficacy, higher success
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Projective tests strengths/weaknesses

A

patients respond to vague pictures in ways that reveal subjects needs and feelings

Strength: subject doesn’t know how the test provides information to the tester
-indirect approach used may make them especially sensitive to unconscious feature of personality

weakness: inconsistent scoring, low reliability, inadequate test norms, cultural bias, poor validity
- all been posted on wikipedia with interpretations (deception)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

effects of major/minor stresses

A

have significant harmful effects on mental and physical health

  • Hassles happen every day and add up whereas major stressors are rare
  • Many cases of depression are preceded by unusually stressful events.
  • Numerous studies indicate that people experiencing chronic stress are more vulnerable to infectious diseases, like colds and the flu.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

how does stress affect people?

A
  • affects everyone differently
  • some may take to aggression, indulging
  • also affects immune system and health. High levels of stress lead to high levels o illness
  • puts the cardiovascular system at risk by affecting ability of blood vessels t expand when necessary
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

General adaptation syndrome

A
  • bodies response to stress in three stages in relation to the measure of stress until giving up
  • Alarm reaction: flight or fight response (recognizing the threat). stressor is first perceived and identified.
  • Stage of resistance: physiological changes stabilize as coping mechanisms. experience ongoing stress, adapt and cope.
  • Stage of exhaustion: hormonal exhaustion, damaging physiological effects on organ systems. Stressors are severe and last a long time.
18
Q

Type A and Type B

A

Type A: 1. strong competitive orientation 2. Impatience and time urgency 3. Anger and hostility (ambitious, highly competitive, perfectionists)
Type B: relatively relaxed, patient, easy going, amicable behavior (less hurried, less competitive, less easily angered)
-Type A’s developed heart problems exhibited by hostility

19
Q

Stress and immune function

A

Link between stress and rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel syndrome. Surpasses immune activity.

  • Very short-term bursts of stress can have a beneficial effect on many biological systems, including the immune system, your body’s frontline defense against infection and cancer
  • Numerous studies indicate that people experiencing chronic stress are more vulnerable to infectious diseases, like colds and the flu.
20
Q

etiology

A

the cause or set of causes of a disease or condition

21
Q

generalized anxiety disorder symptoms

A
  • worry about minor matters related to family, finances, and work
    Physical symptoms: trembling, muscle tension, diarrhea, dizziness, faintness sweating, heart palpitation
22
Q

agoraphobia sympotoms

A

-recurrent, abrupt experiences of unexpected intense fear. Confined to home.

23
Q

depression symptoms

A
  • depressed moods, loss of interest in ones usual activities
  • experience 6 symptoms for a period of at least two weeks, interfere with the persons ability to function
  • fatigue, loss of energy, social withdrawal, self blame
24
Q

bipolar symptoms

A

involve shifts in mood between two states (depressed and manic) lifelong
- Manic: euphoria, optimism, talks fast, shifts topics, spends money
Depressive: hopelessness, gloomy, guilt, loss of energy

25
Q

age of onset bipolar

A

late teens or early twenties

26
Q

schizophrenia symptoms

A

-Positive symptoms: behavioral excesses: hallucinations, delusions, incoherent thought, agitation, bizarre behavior, wild ideas
Negative symptoms: behavioral deficits: flattened emotions, social withdrawal, apathy, impaired attention, poor grooming, lack of persistence at work
- symptoms typically appear in adolescence or young adulthood

27
Q

bulimia symptoms

A

overeating followed by unhealthy compensation such as vomiting, fasting, abuse of laxatives, excessive exercise
-usually maintain weight but have dental & gastrointestinal problems, cardiac arrhythmias

28
Q

anorexia symptoms

A
29
Q

clinical versus counseling psychology

A

Clinical: emphasize treatment and diagnosis of full fledged disorders. Focus on the past
Counseling: training is slanted toward the treatment of every day adjustment problems. Focus on the now and less concerned with the root of the problem

30
Q

freuds approach to therapy

A

psychoanalyst: experience from youth matters and affects you now. recovery of unconscious conflicts, motives, and defenses though techniques such as free association and transference

31
Q

focus of couples therapy

A
  • relationship issues
  • understand the patterns of interaction that produce stress
  • help improve communication
32
Q

systematic desensitization

A
  • replacing a fear or anxiety response with an incompatible response of relaxation an positive emotion
  • harmless stimulus is paired with a fear. Start with a small stimulus in a phase of relaxation and move up as they come okay with original stimulus.
33
Q

cognitive therapy

A
  • the way we think about our circumstances is essential to our health and adjustment
  • use specific strategies to correct habitual thinking errors that underlie types of disorders.
  • Change clients negative thoughts
34
Q

universality of development

A
  • due to the cascade of hormones released during puberty

- this is to prepare individuals for sex

35
Q

Piagets Stages of Cognitive Development

A
  • sensorimotoer (birth to 2)
  • preoperational period (2-7)
  • concrete operational period (7-11)
  • formal operational period
36
Q

personality

A

an individuals unique set of consistent behavioral traits

37
Q

big 5 personality traits

A

O: Openness: open to experience and considering new ideas
C: conscientiousness: degree to which one is aware and attentive to other people (organized/disorganized)
E: Extraversion: degree to which ones energy is directed inward or outward (reserved/tlaker)
A: agreeableness: degree to which one gets along well with others (trusting/critical)
N: Neuroticism: degree to which one is emotionally stable or un stable (temperamental/calm)

38
Q

obsessions

A

recurrent thoughts or images that intrude on a persons consciousness or awareness

39
Q

compulsions

A

repetitive behaviors that a person feels a strong urge to perform. these actions help reduce feelings of anxiety and distress.
-actions taken as a result of the thoughts

40
Q

PTSD

A

involves enduring psychological disturbance attributed to the experience of a major traumatic event
- in order to diagnosis, the person will have to have repeatedly reexperience the ordeal in the form of memories, nightmares

41
Q

common reasons to seek therapy

A
  • people vary considerably in their willingness to seek psychotherapy. Many people often delay for many years before seeking therapy
  • women are more likely than men to receive therapy and whites are more likely than black
  • also more likely for people who have medical insurance and when they have education
  • major reason people do NOT seek therapy is stigma surrounding the receipt of mental health treatment due to refusal to admit personal weakness
42
Q

stages of piagets theory- main points

A

Sensorimotor: Object permanence (things exist even if you cant see them)
Preoperational: egocentrism (inability to perspective)
Conservation (inability to conserve volume vs experience)
Animism (life like qualities to inanimate things)
Concrete operations: develop color, order, logic, purpose of number and letters, learn by doing
Formal operations: inductive and deductive reasoning, abstract reasoning, problem solving, idealism

Psych (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions