Psych test 2

Question 1

Scientific study of changes that occur as people age.

Answer 1

Human Development

Question 2

sensimotor stage

Answer 2

here and now thinking

Question 3

assimilation and accommodations

Dog and Cow example

Answer 3

Assimilation is putting new ideas or concepts into understanding and practice while aligning them with older ideas and practice. Accommodation is changing older ideas and concepts into new and completely different concepts and ideas because of experiencing new information.

Question 4

preoperational stage

Answer 4

use symbols to represent the world, but thoughts are not logical

Question 5

conservation tasks

Answer 5

the drinking glasses: Two tall glasses = one short and one tall glass

Question 6

egocentrism

Answer 6

children having difficulty seeing other perspectives besides their own.

Question 7

Classification and Categorization

Answer 7

The ability to classify objects, ideas, and events, is an unconscious process defined in psychology as cognitive categorization. The process we use to recognize and understand objects and ideas

Question 8

Jean Piagets Theory of Cognitive Development

Answer 8

Sensimoter -> Preoperational -> concrete operational -> Formal operational

Question 9

Formal Operational Stage

Answer 9

characterized by the ability to formulate hypotheses and systematically test them to arrive at an answer to a problem. The individual in the formal stage is also able to think abstractly and to understand the form or structure of a mathematical problem.

Question 10

Vygotsky’s Theory of Cognition Development

Answer 10

Cognitive development occurs as a result of social interactions; learning is social.

Question 11

Attachment

Answer 11

use of a preferred person as a secure base and as a haven of safety or comfort when needed.

Question 12

Bowlby and Lorenz

Answer 12

Theory that attachment is instinctual and needed for survival

Question 13

Harlow

Answer 13

Questioned that what if attachment is not only for survival?

Question 14

Mary Ainsworth: The Strange Situation

Answer 14

an experiment Ainsworth designed to test children’s separation anxiety when isolated from their parent and their stranger anxiety when introduced to someone new.

Question 15

Erik Erickson’s Theory of Life Span Development

Answer 15

Stage 1: Trust vs. Mistrust (Infancy from birth to 18 months)
Stage 2: Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (Toddler years from 18 months to three years)
Stage 3: Initiative vs. Guilt (Preschool years from three to five)
Stage 4: Industry vs. Inferiority (Middle school years from six to 11)
Stage 5: Identity vs. Confusion (Teen years from 12 to 18)
Stage 6: Intimacy vs. Isolation (Young adult years from 18 to 40)
Stage 7: Generativity vs. Stagnation (Middle age from 40 to 65)
Stage 8: Integrity vs. Despair (Older adulthood from 65 to death)

Question 16

Social Psychology

Answer 16

the study of how individual or group behavior is influenced by the presence and behavior of others.

Question 17

Conformity and Ash’s Line Judgment Task

Answer 17

line test with obvious answer and actors planted to give false answers to sway the participant.

Question 18

Zimbardo Prison Experiment

Answer 18

Public embarrassment and realistic prison-like treatment towards actors that were acting like prisoners.

Question 19

Prosocial Behavior

Answer 19

‘voluntary behavior intended to benefit another’. It is characterized by acts of kindness, compassion, and helping behaviors, which many consider to be one of the finest qualities of human nature.

Question 20

Kitty Genovese

Answer 20

Stabbing occurred, no one helped or called 911.

Question 21

Bystander effect

Answer 21

The presence of others discourages an individual from intervening in an emergency situation

Question 22

Stereotypes

Answer 22

Widely held but fixed oversimplification

Question 23

Prejudice

Question 24

Discrimination