Psych test 1

Question 1

Three key terms in Psychology

Answer 1

Science, Behaviour, and Mental Processes

Question 2

Definition and goals of science?

Answer 2

Systematic method to observe human behaviours.
Describe, Predict and Explain behaviour.

Question 3

What is behaviour?

Answer 3

Everything we do that can be directly observed.

Question 4

What are Mental Processes and what are the three main forms?

Answer 4

They are thoughts, feelings,and motives that are experienced privately. Done by thinking, feeling, and memory.

Question 5

What are the 4 Attitudes at the core of the Scientific Approach?

Answer 5

Critical Thinking, Curiosity, Skepticism, and Objectivity. (CTCSO)

Question 6

What is Critical Thinking?

Answer 6

Thinking deeply about something and evaluating the evidence. They are open to new information.

Question 7

What is Curiosity?

Answer 7

The desire to learn more, and ask questions.

Question 8

What is Skepticism?

Answer 8

Second guessing, and being doubtful. Questioning what “everybody knows”. Psychologists are skeptical of common sense answers.

Question 9

What is counter-intuitive?

Answer 9

Opposite of common sense expectations, not good or bad, right or wrong. Contradicts how we think things will be.

Question 10

What is Objectivity?

Answer 10

Seeing things as they are. Being open to new evidence when it challenges our assumptions. Empirical evidence provides the best answer to questions.

Question 11

What is the most common setting is psychology practiced?

Answer 11

Academic settings.

Question 12

What is philosophy?

Answer 12

Investigating underlying principles of being and knowledge. Natural rather than supernatural causes. Living in the mind and body.

Question 13

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

Answer 13

German philosopher and physician. Explored ideas that mental processes can be measured. “Father of Psychology”. Leader of structuralism.

Question 14

What is Structuralism?

Answer 14

Basic elements, or “structure” of mental processes. Identifying elemental parts of the human mind. “Looking inside”

Question 15

Who is William James?

Answer 15

The “father of psychology” in North America. Contributed to Functionalism.

Question 16

What is Functionalism?

Answer 16

Founded by Dewey, Angell and Carr. Focuses on functions and purposes of the mind and behaviour. Emphasizes the causes and consequences of human behaviour. Purpose of behaviour and how it has changed over the years.

Question 17

Structuralism vs. Functionalism

Answer 17

Structuralism looks inside the mind, functionalism looks at the interactions with the outside world.

Question 18

4 Theoretical models

Answer 18

Psychodynamic, Behavioural, Cognitive, and Humanistic.

Question 19

What is the psychodynamic model?

Answer 19

Focuses on the unconscious mind, studies behaviour as expression of hidden motives. Predominantly due to heredity and early experiences.

Question 20

What was Freud’s belief?

Answer 20

Theorized that relationships with parents shape an individual’s personality. Therapeutic technique he called Psychoanalysis.

Question 21

What is the behavioural model?

Answer 21

Focuses on the observable behaviours. How behaviour reflects environmental stimulus and viewing human behaviour as reactive. It is about what people do with their actions and behaviours.

Question 22

What are types of behaviour therapy?

Answer 22

Observational learning, Cognitive factors and classical and operational conditioning.

Question 23

What is the Cognitive Model?

Answer 23

Focuses on thought and mental processes. Trying to figure out what the person is thinking and how they are acting. Views human nature as active and reactive. Therapy includes changing the way you think about things.

Question 24

Foundations of cognitive therapies?

Answer 24

People have control over their feelings, and how someone feels about something depends on how they think about it.

Question 25

What is the Humanistic model?

Answer 25

Studies human potential. View humans as being active, having unlimited potential. Behaviour is self-directed. Encourages self-actualization and personal growth.

Question 26

Who are some humanistic psychologists?

Answer 26

Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers.

Question 27

What are Carl Rogers’ 3 elements to grow?

Answer 27

Unconditional positive regard, empathy and genuineness.

Question 28

What is the brain?

Answer 28

A highly complex organ that controls most of what we do.

Question 29

What are neurons?

Answer 29

Brain is made up from them, they are cells that receive, integrate and transmit info.

Question 30

What are Dendrites and Axons?

Answer 30

Consisted in the neuron. Dendrites specialize in receiving info (like a bus station entrance), axons are connections between neurons that help move info from one part of the brain to another (like bus routes)

Question 31

What is Myelin (sheath)

Answer 31

Insulating material coating the axons. Speeds up transmissions occurring in the axons.

Question 32

What are terminal buttons?

Answer 32

End of the Axon, small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters.

Question 33

What are neurotransmitters?

Answer 33

Chemical messengers that carry, boost, and balance signals between neurons (the buses in the stations and routes). Manages breathing to heart beating.

Question 34

Agonist vs Antagonist in drugs?

Answer 34

Agonist MIMICS neurotransmitters, Antagonists BLOCKS neurotransmitters.

Question 35

What is the Nervous System?

Answer 35

Allows communication of info to take place between the environment and your brain.

Question 36

What are the two main divisions of our Nervous System?

Answer 36

Central Nervous System (CNS) - Brain and spinal cord
and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) - Nerves that lie outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 37

What are Afferent and Efferent nerve fibers?

Answer 37

Afferent sends info TOWARD the CNS and Efferent (f off) sends info AWAY from the CNS

Question 38

What are the two divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System?

Answer 38

Somatic Nervous System (SNS) - voluntary behaviour
and Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) - Involuntary and automatic behaviours.

Question 39

Autonomic Nervous System’s 2 main branches?

Answer 39

Sympathetic - Coordinates arousal (heart rate, breathing)
and parasympathetic (para-shhhhhhhhh-ute) - Quiets the body, conserves bodily resources.

Question 40

3 sections of the brain?

Answer 40

Hindbrain (lizard) - Lower/back of the brain, spinal cord area. Autopilot, fight or flight.
Midbrain - involves the sensory functions, vision, audition, eye movement, body movement.
Forebrain - processing info related to complex cognitive activities, sensory and associative functions and voluntary motor activity. largest and most complex region of the brain.

Question 41

What is the Limbic System?

Answer 41

A network of brain structures that work together to make sense of the world. Controls emotion, sensing sexual gratification, responds to pleasure or pain, controls functioning of the ANS.

Question 42

What is the Hippocampus

Answer 42

Storing memories.

Question 43

What is the Cerebrum?

Answer 43

Largest and most complex area of the brain. Responsible for learning, remembering, thinking and the consciousness. Divided into two hemispheres with specialized functions for each.

Question 44

Each hemisphere has 4 lobes, what are they are their purposes?

Answer 44

Occipital lobe: Visual cortex
Parietal lobe: somatosensory (sensory and motor) cortex
Temporal lobe: Auditory cortex
Frontal lobe: Motor cortex and executive control system.