Psych Terms

Question 1

Structuralism

Answer 1

Used introspection (an act of looking inward to examine mental experience )to determine the underlying STRUCTURES of the mind

Question 2

Fuctionalism

Answer 2

Need to analyze the purpose of behavior

Question 3

Psychoanalytic / Dynamic

Answer 3

Unconscious, childhood

Question 4

Behavioral

Answer 4

Learned, reinforced

Question 5

Humanistic

Answer 5

Free will, choice, ideal actualization

Question 6

Cognitive

Answer 6

Perceptions, thoughts

Question 7

Evolutionary

Answer 7

Genes

Question 8

Biological

Answer 8

Brain, NTs

Question 9

Sociocultural

Answer 9

Society

Question 10

Biopsychosocial

Answer 10

Combo of biological, sociocultural

Question 11

Mary Calkins

Answer 11

First female president of APA

Question 12

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 12

The first female to gain a Ph.D

Question 13

Charles Darwin

Answer 13

Natural selection and Evolution

Question 14

Dorothea Dix

Answer 14

Reformed mental institutions in America

Question 15

Stanley Hall

Answer 15

1st presdient of APA and 1st journal

Question 16

Basic research

Answer 16

The purpose is to gain knowledge (rats)

Question 17

Applied research

Answer 17

The purpose is to help people

Question 18

Psychologist

Answer 18

a mental health professional who studies the mind and behavior, and helps people with mental health conditions, relationship issues, and life challenges.(research or counseling Ms or PhD)

Question 19

Psychiatrist

Answer 19

They evaluate, diagnose, and treat psychiatric disorders using a combination of medication, therapy, and behavioral interventions.(M.D)

Question 20

Experiment

Answer 20

Advantage: Researcher controls variables to establish cause and effect

Disadvantage: Difficult to generalize

Question 21

Independent Variable

Answer 21

Purposefully altered by the researcher to look for the effect

Question 22

Dependent Variable

Answer 22

The measured variable (IS DEPENDENT on the independent variable ) determines the cause

Question 23

Experimental Group

Answer 23

They received the treatment (part of the IV) and can only have 1

Question 24

Control l Group

Answer 24

Placebo, Baseline (part of the IV):can only have 1

Question 25

Placebo Effect

Answer 25

Shows behaviors associated with the exp. group when having received a placebo

Question 26

Double-blind Experiment

Answer 26

Where neither the participants nor the experimenter are aware of which condition people are assigned to ( drug studies)

Question 27

Single Blind Experiment

Answer 27

The participant is left unaware, the experimenter can't be blind (gender, age, etc.)

Question 28

Confound

Answer 28

Error or flaw in the study

Question 29

Random Assignment

Answer 29

Assign participants to either a control or experimental group at random minimizes bias (unfairness), increases chances of equal representation among groups

Question 30

Random sample

Answer 30

The method of choosing participants for your study to minimize bias, everyone has a chance to take part( names in hat or computer generation )

Question 31

Representative sample

Answer 31

The sample mimics the general population (ethnic, gender, and age )

Question 32

Correlation

Answer 32

Advantage: identify the relationship between two variable Disadvantage: no cause and effect

Question 33

Positive Correlation

Answer 33

Variables increase and decrease together ( directly proportional )

Question 34

Negative correlation

Answer 34

As one variable increases the other decreases (inversely proportional )

Question 35

3rd variable problem (lurking variable )

Answer 35

Different variable is responsible for the relationship (breast implants and suicide )

Question 36

illusory Correlation

Answer 36

Belief of correlation that doesn't exist (old man predicts rain from arthritis )

Question 37

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 37

Advantage: real-world validity (observe people in their natural setting ) Disadvantage: no cause and effect )

Question 38

Case study

Answer 38

Advantage: studies ONE person (usually) in great detail - lots of info Disadvantage:no cause and effect

Question 39

Mean

Answer 39

Average (use in a normal distribution )

Question 40

Median

Answer 40

Middle #(used in skewed distribution )

Question 41

Mode

Answer 41

Occurs more often

Question 42

Inferential Statistics

Answer 42

Establishes significances (meaningfulness)

Question 43

Statisical l Significance =Result

Answer 43

Not due to chance, experiment manipulation caused the difference in means

Question 44

Ethical Guidelines

Answer 44

Confidentiality: names kept secret Informed Consent:must agree to be a part of the study Debriefing:must be told the true purpose of the study (done after deception) Deception must be warranted No harm -mental/physical