Psych Shaping Flashcards
What is Shaping ( Behavioural Selection ) ?
Is the artificial selection of behavior, (in a nutshell, you basically give a reward for the behavior performed close to the one you want.)
What are some tips for Shaping?
A) Reinforce in small steps
B) Continuous reinforcement
C) Provide immediate reinforcement
D) Small or conditional reinforcers
E) Skip ahead when possible or reinforce the behavior being presented or occurs
F) Backup when necessary
G) Following successful shaping, move to intermittent schedules of reinforcement
Superstitious Behaviour is ………..
Behaviour that occurs though it does not produce the consequence. A by-product of accidental reinforcement.
Respondent onditioning equals
Manipulation of antecedent stimuli
Operant conditioning equals
Manipulation of consequences
Us and stands for what?
Unconditioned stimulus, conditioned stimulus. (naturally elicits a response) and Cs (after being paired with Us and becomes Cs i.e the bell that could not make salivate on its own it now can.)
In respondent conditioning, …. is paired with a US.
neutral stimulus
What is respondent conditioning?
A learning process where an organism learns to associate a NS with meaningful
The process when when NS and US occur the same time is called
Simultaneous conditioning
The process where Us precedes the Ns is called
Backward conditioning
What does CER stand for?
Conditioned emotional response
After respondent extinction, the ………. will no longer occur when the CS is presented
Conditioned response (CR)
Five factors that that influence respondent conditioning
A) The nature of the Us and Ns
B) The temporal relationship between the Us and Ns
C) Contingency between the Us and Ns
D) The number of pairings
F) Previous exposure to the Ns
Operant behaviours are controlled by their ….. and conditioning behaviours are controlled by ….
Consequences, antecedents
As a result of resident conditioning, a CS elicits a
CR
Identify two bodily responses involved in autonomic nervous system arousal …….. and ………..
Increased heart rate, dilated pupils
The process why which the NS precedes/ comea befoe the US …….
Trace conditioning
The NS occurs before the US and overlaps with the US
Delay conditioning
Provide examples of a CER
Fear, anxiety, anger, sadness, happiness, love
Spontaneous recovery is when
CS elicits CR later after respondent extinction has occured
Respondent conditioning is strongest when NS (preceds/follows) the US
Preceds
In respondent conditioning, a neutral stimulus (NS) is paired with ? and the NS becomes ?
US, CS
An unconditional response is elicited by a(n)
US
In respondent conditioning , what happens to the NS after it is paired with a US?
It becomes a CS and elicites a CR
Pavlov put meat powder in a dogs mouth, and the dog salivated. In this example, salivation is an ? , and the meat powder in the mouth is an
UR, SU
What is NS?
It is a stimulus that did not initially trigger a response
What is first order conditioning
Is when NS is paired with US producing a CR
Second order conditioning
NS is paired with CS producing a CR on its own without the US
In respondent extinction, the ? is presented in the absence of the US
CS
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US), give an example
A stimulus that elicits a response without prior learning, i.e loud noise
What is a unconditional response
is elicited by an antecedent stimulus (US) a natural reflex, i.e eye blink
Describe habituation
is when US is repeatedly and the UR starts to lessen in intensity and can eventually quit occuring when the US occurs
The more the US is presented the less the UR will be presented , more like food if you have already eaten and they continue to give you food it becomes less attactive
The process by w
