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My Phase 3a Revision > PSYCH - PHENOMENOLOGY > Flashcards

PSYCH - PHENOMENOLOGY Flashcards

1
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What is a mental disorder?

A

Any disorder or disability of the mind, excluding substance abuse

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2
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define psychosis

A

Severe mental disturbance characterised by a loss of contact with external reality (schizophrenia)

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3
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define neurosis

A

Relatively mild mental illness in which there is no loss of connection with reality (depression, anxiety)

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4
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define phenomenology

A

The study of signs + symptoms describing abnormal states of mind

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5
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define illusion

A

The false perception of a real external stimulus

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6
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define hallucination

A

An internal perception occurring without a corresponding external stimulus. The person experiences it as they would a real perception.

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7
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of hallucinations, what are the main senses?

A

Auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile

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8
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What are somatic hallucinations?

A

within the person

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9
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What are hypnogogic/hypnopompic hallucinations?

A

hypnogogic = when going to sleep
hypnopompic = when waking up

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10
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What are autoscopic hallucinations?

A

seeing oneself

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11
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What are reflex hallucinations?

A

production of a hallucination in one sensory modality by a stimulus in a different modality

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12
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What are extracampine hallucinations?

A

hallucinations which are experienced outside the normal sensory field (seeing something behind them)

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13
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What is Charles-Bonnet Syndrome?
What conditions may it be seen in?

A
  • Complex visual hallucinations in a patient with partial/severe blindness (macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy).
  • Pts understand that the hallucinations are not real + so often have insight
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14
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define pseudo-hallucination

A

A perception in the absence of an external stimulus, experienced in one’s subjective inner space of the mind rather than external sensory objects – often have insight

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15
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define delusion

A

A fixed, false, unshakable belief which is out of keeping with the patient’s educational, cultural + social norms. It’s held with extraordinary conviction + certainty (even despite contradictory evidence)

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16
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of delusions, what are persecutory?

A

the idea that someone/something is trying to inflict harm on them (being followed, poisoned, drugged, spied)

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17
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of delusions, what are grandiose?

A

idea that the person themselves are powerful/crucially important beyond truth

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18
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of delusions, what are nihilistic?

A

theme involves intense feelings of emptiness, sense of everything being unreal

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19
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of delusions, what are guilt?

A

ungrounded feeling of remorse or guilt for situations, can be due to a minor error or unrelated to them (may feel responsible for world disasters)

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20
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of delusions, what are…
i) poverty?
ii) reference?
iii) inadequacy?
iv) religious?

A

i) pt strongly believes they are financially incapacitated
ii) false belief that insignificant remarks/objects in one’s environment have personal meaning/significance (newspaper has hidden text related to them)
iii) false belief of inability to accomplish tasks + meet expectations
iv) false belief related to religious themes/subject matter.

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21
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY

What are the 3 delusional misidentification syndromes?

A
  • Capgras = idea someone has been replaced by an imposter.
  • Fregoli = idea various people are the same person
  • Intermetamorphosis = one significant relative is replaced by another (father is son).
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22
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define delusional perception and give an example

A

A primary delusion of two components – where a normal perception is subject to delusional interpretation
E.g. – traffic light changed red so that means I am the son of God

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23
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define thought alienation

A

Sx of psychosis in which patients feel that their own thoughts are in some way no longer in their control

24
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What are the 3 components of thought alienation?

A

thought insertion, withdrawal and broadcast

25
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What is thought insertion?

A

Insertion = delusional belief thoughts placed into pts head from external

26
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What is thought withdrawal?

A

Withdrawal = delusional belief thoughts removed from head from external

27
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
What is thought broadcast?

A

Broadcast = delusional belief thoughts are accessible directly to others without expressing them

28
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define concrete thinking

A

Loss of ability to understand abstract concepts + metaphorical ideas leading to a strictly literal form of speech

29
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define thought disorder and formal thought disorder

A

TD = disorganised thinking as evidenced by disorganised speech/beliefs
FTD = pts expressive language (form) indicates that the links between consecutive thoughts aren’t meaningful (disorganised speech evident from disorganised thinking)

30
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of thought disorders, what is flight of ideas?

A

Abrupt leaps between topics as a result of thoughts presenting more rapidly than can be articulated. Each thought = more associations. ?Discernible links between successive ideas. Presents as pressure of speech.

31
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of thought disorders, what is thought block?

A

sudden + unintentional break in chain of thought, may be explained as due to thought withdrawal

32
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
In terms of thought disorders, what is circumstantiality?

A

irrelevant wandering in conversation (going around the point).

33
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define confabulation + state what conditions you would find this in

A

Giving a false account to fill in a gap in memory.

Korsakoff’s psychosis + dementia

34
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define passivity phenomena + somatic passivity

A
  • Delusion that one is a passive recipient of actions from an external agency against their will
  • The same but sensations are controlled by an external agency
35
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define psychomotor retardation + state what conditions you would find this in

A
  • Slowing of thoughts + movements with decreased spontaneous movement, often due to subjective sense of actions being laborious
  • Parkinson’s, depression
36
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define incongruity of affect

A

Emotional responses that differs markedly from the expected emotion for the situation/subject like laughing whilst discussing trauma

37
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define blunting of affect

A

A limited range of normal emotional responsiveness

38
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define flattening of affect

A

Diminution of the normal range of emotions

39
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define depersonalisation + derealisation

A
  • Where a person doesn’t believe themselves to be real
  • Where a person doesn’t believe the world/people around them to be real
40
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define obsession

A

Recurrent thoughts/feelings/images/impulses which are intrusive + persistent despite efforts to resist. They are recognised as the person’s own thoughts (insight preserved)

41
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define compulsion

A

Repetitive, purposeful behaviour performed in response to an obsession despite the recognition of its senselessness + anxiety if not performed

42
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define thought echo

A

Experience of an auditory hallucination in which the content is the individual’s current thoughts spoken aloud as if next to them

43
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define catatonia/stupor

A

Abnormality of movement + behaviour arising from a disturbed mental state, typically severe depression or schizophrenia

44
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define anhedonia

A

Inability to feel pleasure in normally pleasurable activities

45
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define belle indifference

A

A surprising lack of concern for, or denial of, apparently severe functional disability (not specific to psych)

46
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define dissociation

A

When a person feels disconnected from themselves or their surroundings (including emotions)

47
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define conversion

A

Development of features suggestive of physical illness but which are attributed to psych illness or emotional disturbance rather than organic pathology

48
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define sterotypy

A

Repetitive + bizarre act which is not goal-directed. Action may have delusional significance to the pt

49
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define mannerism

A

Abnormal + occasionally bizarre performance of voluntary, goal-directed activity

50
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define projection + give an example

A

What is emotionally unacceptable in the self is unconsciously rejected + projected to others (e.g. mother projects anxiety on children claiming they’re anxious)

51
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define over-valued idea

A

A false or exaggerated belief held with conviction but not with delusional intensity. This idea although perhaps reasonable, dominates their life + causes distress

52
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
Define loosening of associations

A

This is thought disorder denoting a lack of connection between ideas.

Links between ideas may be illogical or the speech may wander between trains of thought.

It is also known as knight’s move thinking

53
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
define pressure of speech

A

a tendency to speak rapidly, motivated by an urgency that may not be apparent to the listener

54
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
define akathisia

A

an inability to keep still, restlessness

55
Q

PHENOMENOLOGY
define perseveration

A

When someone gets stuck on a topic or an idea
There may be repetition of words or phrases

My Phase 3a Revision (27 decks)

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