psych midterm #2 chapter 7 Flashcards
learning
learning is the process of acquiring new information and abilities through experience
associative learning
Learning to connect events or behaviors with their outcomes.
stimulis
an event or situation that evokes a response
respondent behaviour
behaviour that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus
operant behaviour
is when you do something and get something. its like learning to do a task to get a reward, or avoiding a task to avoid punishment
ex: you study hard (operant bahaviour) to get a good grade (reward)
cognitive learning
cognitive learning is learning through thinking and understanding
classical conditioning
Learning through association. You learn to connect two things together, like a sound (a bell) with food. Eventually, you’ll react to the sound (bell) as if it were the food itself.
behaviorism
Learning by doing and getting rewards or punishments.
conditioned response (CR)
In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).
neutral stimulis (NS)
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.
unconditioned response (UR)
In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth).
unconditioned stimulus (US)
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR).
conditioned response (CR)
In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).
unconditioned stimulus (US)
In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR).
Conditioned response (CR)
In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).
conditioned stimulus (CS)
In classical conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)
acquisition
The initial stage of learning to associate two things together.
higher-order conditioning
Learning to associate a new thing with an old thing.
extinction
The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.
spontaneous recovery
The return of a learned behavior after a break.
generalization
Responding to things that are similar to the original thing you learned about.
(also can be called stimulus generalization)
discrimination
learning to tell the difference between similar things
operant conditioning
operant conditioning
A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher.
law of effect
We are more likely to repeat actions that have good results and less likely to repeat actions that have bad results.
operant chamber
(operant chamber is also known as a skinner box), a box where animals learn to do thing and get rewords
