psych midterm #2 chapter 7

Question 1

learning

Answer 1

learning is the process of acquiring new information and abilities through experience

Question 2

associative learning

Answer 2

Learning to connect events or behaviors with their outcomes.

Question 3

stimulis

Answer 3

an event or situation that evokes a response

Question 4

respondent behaviour

Answer 4

behaviour that occurs as an automatic response to some stimulus

Question 5

operant behaviour

Answer 5

is when you do something and get something. its like learning to do a task to get a reward, or avoiding a task to avoid punishment
ex: you study hard (operant bahaviour) to get a good grade (reward)

Question 6

cognitive learning

Answer 6

cognitive learning is learning through thinking and understanding

Question 7

classical conditioning

Answer 7

Learning through association. You learn to connect two things together, like a sound (a bell) with food. Eventually, you’ll react to the sound (bell) as if it were the food itself.

Question 8

behaviorism

Answer 8

Learning by doing and getting rewards or punishments.

Question 9

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 9

In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).

Question 10

neutral stimulis (NS)

Answer 10

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning.

Question 11

unconditioned response (UR)

Answer 11

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, naturally occurring response (such as salivation) to an unconditioned stimulus (US) (such as food in the mouth).

Question 12

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 12

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR).

Question 13

conditioned response (CR)

Answer 13

In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).

Question 14

unconditioned stimulus (US)

Answer 14

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that unconditionally—naturally and automatically—triggers an unconditioned response (UR).

Question 15

Conditioned response (CR)

Answer 15

In classical conditioning, a learned response to a previously neutral (but now conditioned) stimulus (CS).

Question 16

conditioned stimulus (CS)

Answer 16

In classical conditioning, an originally neutral stimulus that, after association with an unconditioned stimulus (US), comes to trigger a conditioned response (CR)

Question 17

acquisition

Answer 17

The initial stage of learning to associate two things together.

Question 18

higher-order conditioning

Answer 18

Learning to associate a new thing with an old thing.

Question 19

extinction

Answer 19

The diminishing of a conditioned response; occurs in classical conditioning when an unconditioned stimulus (US) does not follow a conditioned stimulus (CS); occurs in operant conditioning when a response is no longer reinforced.

Question 20

spontaneous recovery

Answer 20

The return of a learned behavior after a break.

Question 21

generalization

Answer 21

Responding to things that are similar to the original thing you learned about.
(also can be called stimulus generalization)

Question 22

discrimination

Answer 22

learning to tell the difference between similar things

Question 23

operant conditioning

Answer 23

operant conditioning

A type of learning in which a behavior becomes more likely to recur if followed by a reinforcer or less likely to recur if followed by a punisher.

Question 24

law of effect

Answer 24

We are more likely to repeat actions that have good results and less likely to repeat actions that have bad results.

Question 25

operant chamber

Answer 25

(operant chamber is also known as a skinner box), a box where animals learn to do thing and get rewords