psych midterm 2

Question 1

rorschach test

Answer 1

blot test say what it look like, low reliability

Question 2

TAT test

Answer 2

imagine stories about pictures, Somewhat effective in finding statistical trends for research Less effective for individual diagnosis

Question 3

maturity principle

Answer 3

people become more agreeable over time

Question 4

cumulative continuity principle

Answer 4

Personality traits
become more stable with age

Question 5

alfred binet

Answer 5

created the first IQ test that showed if people would benefit from remedial education, Found that performance on widely different
mental tasks was positively correlated

Question 6

how to calculate IQ

Answer 6

ig=(mental age)/(chronological age)x100

Question 7

wechslers test

Answer 7

different versions for children and
adults

Question 8

Raven’s Progressive Matrices

Answer 8

use no language, only
abstract figures, intended to be free of cultural
biases

Question 9

tests for fluid intelligence

Answer 9

• Raven’s matrices
• Choice reaction time
• Inspection time
• Working memory

Question 10

test for cyrstalized intelligence

Answer 10

• vocabulary definitions
• appropriate use of tools
• cultural practices

Question 11

Attitude:

Answer 11

An evaluation of an object, event, or idea

Question 12

Belief:

Answer 12

An idea or principle that is accepted as true

Question 13

festinger

Answer 13

1$, 20$, no money, people had to believe that they liked the task that got 1 dollar

Question 14

cognitive dissonance:

Answer 14

discomfort felt when there is inconsistency among behavior and/or beliefs.(1,20,no money)
people will change to feel they didnt waste time

Question 15

A stereotype

Answer 15

is a schema for a group of people who are members of a category.

Question 16

Implicit associations

Answer 16

making jusgements unconcouisly just by seeing someone race

Question 17

Attribution:

Answer 17

the set of thought processes we use to assign causes
to our own behavior and the behavior of others.

Question 18

Fundamental attribution error:

Answer 18

in explaining other people’s behavior, the
tendency to overemphasize personality traits and underestimate
situational factors

Question 19

Actor/observer discrepancy:

Answer 19

When interpreting our own behavior, we
tend to focus on situations; when interpreting other people’s behavior,
we tend to focus on dispositions.

Question 20

Mere-exposure effect

Answer 20

People show preference for things merely because they are
familiar with them or have been exposed to them
previously

Question 21

Reciprocity:

Answer 21

if Person A helps (or harms) Person B, then
Person B will help (or harm) Person A.

Question 22

Transitivity:

Answer 22

means that people generally share their
friends’ opinions of other people.

Question 23

Social identity theory:

Answer 23

the idea that ingroups consist of
individuals who perceive themselves to be members of
the same social category and experience pride through
their group membership

Question 24

Risky-shift effect:

Answer 24

Groups often make riskier
decisions than individuals.

Question 25

Groupthink:

Answer 25

the tendency of
groups to make bad decisions
when the group is under
pressure, facing external
threats, and is biased.

Question 26

Group polarization:

Answer 26

the
process by which initial
attitudes of groups become
more extreme over time

Question 27

Social facilitation:

Answer 27

having people around you boosts your preformance-presentations in front of class

Question 28

Prosocial behavior:

Answer 28

voluntary behavior intended
to help another person(had possible benefit)

Question 29

alturism

Answer 29

doing a good deed or helping someone with no benefit

Question 30

Costly signaling:

Answer 30

helping others as a way to
advertise your ability to obtain resources and
display your traits

Question 31

Informational influence:

Answer 31

Other people provide useful
information, especially in ambiguous circumstances.

Question 32

Normative influence:

Answer 32

People desire to be accepted and part of a
group.

Question 33

Deindividuation:

Answer 33

a state of reduced
individuality, reduced self-awareness,
and reduced attention to personal
standards; This phenomenon may occur
when people are part of a group.
punching in air at concerts is the only place you would do that

Question 34

two main categories of neuroimaging techniques

Answer 34

– Structural
– Functional

Question 35

structural teqniques

Answer 35

MRI,DTI,

Question 36

functional teqniques

Answer 36

EEG MEG fMRI

Question 37

MPFC

Answer 37

in prefrontal cortex, thinks a lot about ones self, involved in reward system

Question 38

mentalizing

Answer 38

Relatedly, the active process of thinking
about other people’s thoughts,
behaviors, or personalities

Question 39

whats the fusiform face area FFA

Answer 39

part of the brain that is good at seeing faces, very specialized so if it is disturbed it will be very hard to recognize a face

Question 40

Prosopagnosia

Answer 40

is a disorder also
known as “face blindness”

Question 41

functions of amygdala

Answer 41

focused on fear, resolves uncertainty,

Question 42

dorsal anterior
cingulate cortex (dACC).

Answer 42

associated with pain and distress