Psych medications

Question 1

What are the mainline treatment drugs for anxiety and why

Answer 1

Benzodiazepines because they have a rapid onset of action

Question 2

What are adverse effects of benzos? How long are they used for?

Answer 2

Sedation, ataxia, decreased cognitive function. DEPENDANCE

Question 3

What are other drug examples used to treat anxiety

Answer 3

Beta blockers to recude HR related to anxiety, antihistamines, and anticonvulsants

Question 4

What is a significant result of stopping benzodiazepine use abruptly? What is benzo antidote?

Answer 4

Withdrawal symptoms and the antidote is flumazenil

Question 5

What medications are used for depression?

Answer 5

SSRIs/SNRIs, MAOIs, TCAs,

Question 6

How do MAOIs work and what are two examples?

Answer 6

They inhibit the enzyme monoamine which causes increase in serotonin and NE. The two examples are phenelzine and tranylcypromine

Question 7

Why dont we give MAOIs with otehr antidepressants and what are the major adverse effects?

Answer 7

It causes serotnin syndrome when givne with other antidepressants. Adverse effects are hypertensive crisis and it can’t be given with tyramine containing foods

Question 8

WHat is treatment for hypertensive cirsis?

Answer 8

Antidote is CCB and other things are activated charcoal, gastric lavage, antihypertensive

Question 9

What do tricyclics do and what are examples?

Answer 9

They inhibit serotonin and NE reuptake. Examples are amitryptyline, clomipramine, and notriptyline.

Question 10

What are most important TCA adverse effects and other ones?

Answer 10

URINARY RETENTION, CONSTIPATION, anticholinergic effects.

Question 11

What do SSRIs and SNRIs do?

Answer 11

SSRI blocks serotonin reuptake SNRI blocks serotonin and NE reuptake.

Question 12

What are examples of SSRIs and what is the main adverse effect?

Answer 12

Examples of this medication are citalopram, escitalopram, fluoxetine, fluvoxamine. The main adverse effect is serotonin syndrome

Question 13

What should SSRI be avoided with and what is serotonin syndrome?

Answer 13

Should be avoided with MAOIs. Serotonin syndrome happens with too much serotonin in blood. It looks like tachycardia, high BP, fever, restless,

Question 14

How is serotonin syndrome treated?

Answer 14

Treated with holding SSRI and MOAIs, serotonin receptor blocker, cooling blankets,

Question 15

What are symptoms of serotonin syndrome?

Answer 15

FLUSH: Flu like (fever, fatigue, loose stools), lightheaded, uneasy/restless, sleep disturbance, and headache

Question 16

What are examples of SNRIs and what are adverse effects?

Answer 16

Venlaflexine and duloxetine. adverse effects are hypertension sexual dysfunction, dry mouth and serotonin syndrome

Question 17

What is the therapeutic range for lithium? WHat level becoems toxic?

Answer 17

0.6-1.2 mmol/L. Toxic past 1.5 mmol/L

Question 18

What are other medications used for bipolar disorder?

exampleof each category?

Answer 18

Anticonvulsants like valproic acid, carbamazepine and lamotrigine. Other medication is antipsychotics like olanzapine risperidone and aripiprazole

Question 19

How does lithium work?

Answer 19

It works similar to sodium and regulates the electrical conductivity of brain.

Question 20

Why is hyponatremia and kidney function improtant for lithium?

Answer 20

Hyponatremia measn kidneys will extrete sodium which will increase levels of lithium in blood causing lithium toxicity

Question 21

What are the toxic signs of lithium use?

Answer 21

Diahrrhea sweating vomiting, ataxia, convulsions. There is no treatment other than symptom managing

Question 22

What are examples of typical antipsychotics and what did they treat?

Answer 22

Chlorpromazine, haloperidol, trifluperazine, zuclopenthixol. They treated positive symptoms like delusions, hallucinations.

Question 23

What are the main adverse effects of typical antipsychotics?

Answer 23

EPS, and tardive dyskinesia

Question 24

What are the three things seen with EPS?

Answer 24

PAA: Pseudoparkinsonism, akathisia, and acute dystonia.

Question 25

What is acute dystonia a result of and how is it treated?

Answer 25

It is a result of typical antipsychotics. It is treated with IM benadryl or congentin

Question 26

What is tardive dyskinesia?

Answer 26

Involuntary muscle contraction of tounge, fingers and other parts of body. It is irreversible and has no treatment.

Question 27

How do typical antipsychotics work?

Answer 27

They prevent dopamine from working on receptors since psychosis is seen with too much dopamine in system.

Question 28

Which psych drug causes agranulocytosis?

Answer 28

Second gen antiphsychotics specifically clozaril

Question 29

What are 5 examples of second gen antipsychotics

Answer 29

Risperidone, lurasidone, olanzapine, quetiapine, and ziprasidone

Question 30

What are two main side effects of second gen antipsych and other adverse effects

Answer 30

Weight gain and sedation are main two. The rest are sexual dysfunction, anticholinergic effects, orthostatic hypotensio

Question 31

What are two examples of 3rd gen antipsychotics?

Answer 31

Aripiprazole, brexpiprazole

Question 32

Which set of antipsychotics causes metabolic syndrome?

Answer 32

Second and third generation.

Question 33

What is NMS and what causes it

Answer 33

NMS is caused by a significant decrease in dopamine.

Question 34

What medications NMS and what does it look like?

Answer 34

All antipsychotics can cuase NMS. It looks like decreased consciousness, muscle rigidity, fever

Question 35

How is NMS treated?

Answer 35

Hold antipsychotic, bromocriptine to stop muscle rigidness, decrease temperature