Psych Learning and Memory Flashcards
What is the definition of learning in psychology?
Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience.
True or False: Memory is the process of acquiring, storing, and retrieving information.
True
What are the three main stages of memory?
Encoding, storage, and retrieval.
Fill in the blank: The __________ model of memory includes sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory.
multi-store
Which type of memory is responsible for holding information for a brief period?
Short-term memory
What is the capacity of short-term memory according to Miller’s Law?
7 plus or minus 2 items.
True or False: Long-term memory has a limited capacity.
False
What is the difference between explicit and implicit memory?
Explicit memory involves conscious recall, while implicit memory does not.
Which type of learning occurs through the association between stimuli?
Classical conditioning
What is operant conditioning?
A learning process through which the strength of a behavior is modified by reinforcement or punishment.
Fill in the blank: __________ reinforcement increases the likelihood of a behavior by providing a rewarding stimulus.
Positive
What is the term for the gradual weakening of a conditioned response?
Extinction
True or False: Memory consolidation is the process of stabilizing a memory after initial acquisition.
True
What is the term for the phenomenon where old memories interfere with the retrieval of new memories?
Proactive interference
What does the term ‘chunking’ refer to in memory?
The process of grouping information into larger, manageable units.
Which part of the brain is primarily associated with the formation of new memories?
The hippocampus
Fill in the blank: __________ is the technique of using vivid imagery and organizational devices to enhance memory.
Mnemonic
What is the serial position effect?
The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.
True or False: Context-dependent memory suggests that retrieval is improved when the context at retrieval matches the context at encoding.
True
What is the role of rehearsal in memory?
Rehearsal is the process of repeatedly practicing information to enhance memory retention.
Which theory suggests that forgetting occurs due to the fading of memory traces over time?
Decay theory
Fill in the blank: __________ memory involves recalling specific events or experiences.
Episodic
What is the primacy effect?
The tendency to remember items presented at the beginning of a list.
Which cognitive process involves the mental manipulation of information?
Thinking
True or False: The misinformation effect demonstrates how post-event information can alter memories.
True
What is the difference between recall and recognition in memory retrieval?
Recall requires retrieving information without cues, while recognition involves identifying information with cues.
