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Psych > Psych Intro + Research Methods > Flashcards

Psych Intro + Research Methods Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Development?

A

Any change in Structure/Function over a period of time

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2
Q

What is function?

A

The action of a structure (E.g. the firing of a neuron)

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3
Q

What is structure?

A

Some piece of the organism- e.g. nervous system, mental knowledge

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4
Q

Stage of development:
Age 2-6

A

Early Childhood

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5
Q

Stage of development:
Age 11-18

A

Adolescence

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6
Q

Stage of development:
Age 6-11

A

Middle childhood

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7
Q

Stage of development:
Age Birth to 2

A

Infancy

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8
Q

What did Plato believe about children’s development?

A

Plato: Human senses are fallible, so people have to be born with innate knowledge that is unlocked over their lives

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9
Q

What did Aristotle believe about childrenn’s development?

A

Children will only learn stuff from experience

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10
Q

Who said this: Children are born with an inherent sense of right and wrong. Kids are now seen to be little adults. Kids have an innate sense of justice and morality.

A

J. J. Rousseau

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11
Q

As a modern society, who are we most similar to in our view of childhood?
(Ancient times, Medieval times, Puritan New England, Industrial age, etc.)

A

Medieval period

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12
Q

A process of gradually adding more of the same types of skills that had already developed

A

Continuous development

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13
Q

A process where new ways of understanding emerge all at once

A

Discontinuous development

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14
Q

What is Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological System theory?

A

Views children as the center of a bunch of concentric circles. The child is not raised in isolation. He is influenced by his family, church, culture, etc.

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15
Q

People who believe in solely nature as the source of a child’s development are called:

A

Nativists

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16
Q

Nativists focus more on ____ (Plasticity or Stability) in child’s brain development

A

Stability

17
Q

What did Arnold Gesell say about Children’s development?

A

-Development is the unfolding of the individual’s natural genetic blueprint
-Everything from speech to motor development reflects a prearranged theory

18
Q

What are the 4 stages of Development from Piaget?

A

Sensimotor, Preoperational, Concrete operational, Formal operational

19
Q

Vgotsky and Bronfenbrenner were..

A

Socioculture theorists

20
Q

Who’s theory was similar to the Indigenous Medicine wheel

A

Bronfenbrenner

21
Q

Bronfenbrenner: What was the microsystem?

A

Family, friends, other close relationships to the kid

22
Q

Bronfenbrenner: What is the Mesosystem ?

A

The way different Microsysstems impact a kid (e.g. A daycare and friends are different systems that significantly impact a kid)

23
Q

What is an Exosystem?

A

Larger scale societal influences upon a person, even if it’s second hand (If a parent has a bad day at work, it’ll make her grumpy, making her mean to her kid, meaning that the kid is influenced by the mom.)

24
Q

What is the Chronosystem?

A

The idea that all systems (Microsystem, Exosystem, etc.) are variable and change over time

25
Q

What is Habituation?

A

When the subjects of an obersational study get used to the presence of the observer

26
Q

What is observer infleunce?

A

When subjects act differently depending on if the observer is there or not

27
Q

What is sampling Behavior?

A

When the researcher creates tasks fot the kid to do to measure the abilities being measured in that study

28
Q

Give the possible R-Value:
As X inreases, Y decreases

A

R= -0.9

29
Q

Give the possible R-Value:
As X decreases, Y decreases

A

R= +0.9

30
Q

Give the possible R-value:
No correlation between the two variables

A

R= 0

31
Q

What is a field experiment?

A

Doing a study in a natural setting for the participants (like a park or classroom)

32
Q

What are some cons of Longitudinal studies?

A

Expensive! And some people drop out, (Whichis importnat because there might be somthing special about the people who drop out

33
Q

Which study is prone to problems due to Cohort Effects?

A

Longitudinal

34
Q

What is a cross-sectional study?

A

Developmental changes are identified by testing kids of different ages at one particular point in their development
E.g. Holding a contest of agility with 3, 8, and 12 year old participants.

35
Q

What is the middle ground between Longitudinal and cross-sectional studies?

A

Longitudinal-Sequential Studies

36
Q

What is a Meta-analysis?

A

Allows reserchersto combine the results of a bunch of different studies to estimate relationships between variables

Psych (5 decks)

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