Psych I Midterm Flashcards
If you believe that peoples decisions can override past habits, this belief reflects the____Psychological Perspective
A. Humanistic
B. Psychodynamic
C. Sociocultural
D.Operant Conditioning
Humanistic
According to Freudian Theory, the primary psychological motive is conflict between unconscious drives and____
A. Societal Constraints
B. Biological urges
C. Free will
D. Patterns of reinforcement
Societal constraints
Little Baby Albert represents a famous case of ___under the Behavioural Perspective
A. Cognitive mechanisms
B. Evolutionary pressures
C. Classical conditioning
D. Operant Conditioning
Classical conditioning
When evaluating cultural expectations on interpersonal responsibility you are focused on the ___level of analysis identified in class
A. Environment
B. Humanistic
C. Freudian
D. Emotional
Environmental
Field of psychology emphasizes the importance of testing these proposals in real world situations. This testing process reflects the importance of the ____ approach in psychology
A. Conceptual
B. Reliable
C. Interpersonal
D. Empirical
Empirical
Your lecturer identified ___ as a fundamental limitation in survey accuracy
Intentional or unintentional information inaccuracy
The correlations statistic ranges from
-1 to +1
___ research design can establish cause and effect conclusions
Experimental
Neurotransmitters communicate two basic forms of input: ____ or ____
A. Excitatory ; inhibitory
B. Excitatory ; diffusion
C. Inhibitory ; action potential
D. All or one ; gradual
Excitatory ; inhibitory
___ is a major excitatory neurotransmitter throughout the brain which supports learning and memory. Too much of this neurotransmitter can cause seizures
Glutamate
A drug that decreases the reputable of dopamine exemplifies an ___ function - a type of neurotransmitter regulation
Agonistic
A set of the same neurotransmitters attach to various dendrites on different parts of the cell body. If these neurotransmitters produce the same type of input signal, the input would lead to__ summation
Spatial
___ is primarily an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain associated with Depression
Serotonin
The ___ of the neuron computes and determines how to respond to incoming signals from the other neurons
A. Axon hillock
B. Soma
C. Synapse
D. Neuron capacitor
Soma
An intracellular state of depolarization is created due to ___ input
Excitatory
You meet someone who looks exactly like your sister, but you claim that she is not your sister. The woman and the rest of your family try to convince you that she is, you don’t believe them. You likely are suffering from
Capgras Syndrome
Your instructor suggested that face recognition and personal identify identification is primarily due to ___ processing
Facial configuration
The ____ lobe of the brain contains the motor cortex which controls intentional body movements
Frontal
Impulse control among violent offenders was associated with alterations in the __ brain region
Prefrontal cortex
You can recognize a wide variety or objects and structures but you have lost the ability to recognize people based on there facial appearance. You likely have damage in your ___ brain region
Fusiform face area
What are the steps in the research process
- Describe 2. Explain 3. Predict 4. Alter
ID
Pleasure principle
Ego
Reality principle, other ppl have needs and desires
The mediator
Superego
Moral part of us
Right and wrong
Modern Psychodynamic Perspective
Early relationship with parents ~> unconscious psychological model of close relationships
Parents responsive and caring ~> secure
Parents unresponsive and self-centred ~> insecure
Parent-Toddler attachment Theory
Unconscious psychological expectations of future relationships
Behavioural Perspective
Each person starts as a blank slate, environment determines how we develop and act
Human Nature: Classical conditioning
Reactions to the environment
Learning from experience
Environmental stimuli ~> consequences
Pairs a behaviour with a stimulus
Humanistic Perspective
Free will, can go against conditioning
Finding meaning in one’s existence
Cognitive Psychology
How we process information
Human Nature: focused on the thinking process
Operational Definition
Someone can replicate precisely your measurement of the variable
Quantitative Variable
Use a number to represent variables meaning
Qualitative Variable
Need words to represent variables meanings
Design types: Case studies
Historical documents
Interviews
Direct assessments
Design types: naturalistic observation
Go into real world, watch and learn
Design types: participant observation
Join a group to observe group members
Design types; surveys
Subjective
Quasi-Experiment
Real world constraints on examining important factors
Dendrites
Receive messages and initiate/ suppress electrical activity
Cell body
Integrates / evaluates incoming information from other neurons
Axons
Conduct electric activity
Axon
Axon Terminal
Reslesse chemicals (neurotransmitters) in sysnapse - communicate
Neurotransmitter
Chemical substance alters activity of receiving neuron
Myelin sheath
Speeds up electrical activity
Neuron communication: Electrical Details
Resting potential ~> polarized - natural neuron state
-70
Neuron Communication : Depolarized
If sufficiently excited (excitatory)
Action potential ~> increase + 40 millivolts
Neuron Communication: Hyperpolarization
Inhibitory input
Decrease intracellular level to below normal resting. Potential
Spatial Sumamtion
Verious dendrites receive same input at the same time
Temporal Summation
Same dendrites receive the same input repeatedly over time
Same input = all excitatory or all inhibitory
Neurotransmitter: GABA
Inhibitory, anxiety and motor control
Tremors and loss of motor control
Personality change
Neurotransmitter: (Ach) Acetylcholine
Excitatory esp. memory and muscle control
Problem: black widow venom
- muscle contractions, convulsions and desth
Neurotransmitter: Serotonin
Inhibitory most brain: mood, arousal, sex, sleep
Problems : depression sleep and eating disorders
Neurotransmitter: Norepinephrine
Excitatory or inhibitory
Learning and memory
Wakefulness and esting
Problems: depression (too little)
Stress and panic ( too much)
Neurotransmitter: Dopamine
Excitatory or inhibitory
Experience of pleasure
Emotional arousal, motivation
Learning
Voluntary movement
Problems: depression (to little)
Schizophrenia ( to much)
Parkinson’s loss of motor control (too little)
Agonist
Enhance NT activity
Antagonist
Reduce or interfere with NT activity
Depolarized
If sufficiently excitatory
Action potential ~> increase +40 volts
Hyperpolarized
Inhibitory
Decrease intracellular level to below normal
Neurotransmitter: Glutamate
Excitatory - learning and memory
Too much - seizures and schizophrenia
Frontal Lobe
Motor Control
Concentration, Planning and Problem Solving
Speech
Smell
Parietal Lobe
Touch and Pressure
Taste
Body Awareness
Temporal Lobe
Hearing
Facial Recognition
Occipital Lobe
Vision
The shit in parietal, occipital and temporal lobes
Language
Reading
