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History of Psych > psych history final > Flashcards

psych history final Flashcards

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1
Q

What does Gestalt mean?

A

Configuration, pattern, form.

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2
Q

What is a major assumption of Gestalt Psychology?

A

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

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3
Q

What is relational determination in Gestalt Psychology?

A

Properties of parts depend upon their relation to the whole.

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4
Q

How does relational determination apply to jigsaw puzzles?

A

A pile of pieces is the sum of parts; solving the whole puzzle involves understanding how each piece fits together.

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5
Q

How does relational determination apply to melody?

A

Melody is a configuration based on the relations of individual notes.

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6
Q

Who founded Gestalt Psychology?

A

Max Wertheimer.

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7
Q

What is the Phi Phenomenon?

A

An illusion of apparent movement demonstrated by flashing two stationary lights at different times.

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8
Q

What is productive thinking?

A

Reorganization of a problem to find a meaningful solution, moving from a confused state (S1) to a goal state (S2).

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9
Q

What is the famous story of Young Gauss?

A

He quickly calculated the sum of 1 to 10 by pairing numbers: 1+10, 2+9, etc., leading to 5x11.

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10
Q

What is reproductive thinking?

A

Reproduction of previous solutions characterized by misguided conclusions.

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11
Q

What is functional fixedness?

A

The inability to adopt a new perspective on a problem.

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12
Q

What is the Law of Similarity?

A

The tendency to group similar items together.

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13
Q

What is the Zeigarnik Effect?

A

Incomplete tasks are recalled better than completed tasks.

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14
Q

What is the figure-ground relationship?

A

The ability to distinguish an object from its background.

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15
Q

What did Wolfgang Köhler study?

A

Learning in apes, particularly the sudden realization of the whole.

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16
Q

What was Pavlov’s reaction to Kohler?

A

He opposed Kohler and dedicated his work to proving him wrong.

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17
Q

What is Gestalt Therapy?

A

Fritz Perls’ approach that is not an intellectual extension of Gestalt psychology.

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18
Q

What contributed to the demise of Gestalt Psychology in America?

A

The grounding of American psychology in behaviorism and the lack of publications by Wertheimer.

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19
Q

Who is Sigmund Freud?

A

The founder of psychoanalysis, active from 1856 to 1939.

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20
Q

What is the role of unconscious dynamics in Freud’s theory?

A

Emphasizes the importance of unconscious processes in shaping personality.

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21
Q

What are the three components of the human mind according to Freud?

A

Conscious mind, preconscious mind, and unconscious mind.

22
Q

What is the Pleasure Principle?

A

The id’s drive for immediate gratification without considering consequences.

23
Q

What is the Reality Principle?

A

The ego’s ability to make thoughtful decisions instead of impulsive ones.

24
Q

What are ego defense mechanisms?

A

Strategies that reduce neurotic and moral anxiety.

25
Q

What is the purpose of psychoanalysis?

A

To make the unconscious conscious.

26
Q

Who was Joseph Breuer?

A

Freud’s mentor who treated ‘Fräulein Anna O’ and developed the cathartic method.

27
Q

What is the collective unconscious according to Carl Jung?

A

An inherited psyche shared by all of humanity containing archetypes.

28
Q

What does humanistic psychology focus on?

A

The study of human creativity, growth, and potential.

29
Q

What does ‘Anima’ refer to?

A

Feminine characteristics in men

30
Q

What does ‘Animus’ refer to?

A

Masculine characteristics in women

31
Q

What are the characteristics of the ‘Shadow’?

A

Immoral, passionate, animal-like, and represents the darker side of personality

32
Q

What is the ‘Self’ in psychology?

A

Provides unity and stability

33
Q

What is ‘Persona’?

A

Superficial public personality (mask) that conceals true self

34
Q

What is Humanistic Psychology?

A

Study of human creativity, growth, and potential

35
Q

What is ‘Third force psychology’?

A

A movement that includes psychoanalysis and behaviorism

36
Q

What does ‘Reductionism’ refer to?

A

The practice of analyzing complex phenomena by reducing them to their simpler components

37
Q

What is ‘Determinism’ in psychology?

A

The belief that all behaviors are determined by preceding events

38
Q

What does ‘Control of behavior’ imply?

A

The ability to influence or direct behavior

39
Q

What are the key concepts of Humanistic Psychology?

A

Holism, free will, and description of personality

40
Q

Who is Abraham Maslow?

A

A psychologist known for his work in humanistic psychology

41
Q

What is ‘D-love’?

A

Deficiency Motivation directed toward the satisfaction of basic needs, characterized by jealousy and possessiveness

42
Q

What is ‘B-love’?

A

Being Motivation directed toward higher values of life, characterized by non-possessiveness and joy

43
Q

What is the significance of ‘Self-Actualizing People’?

A

They represent a study of psychological health and characteristics of good human beings

44
Q

What are some characteristics of self-actualizing people?

A

Growth orientation, realistic perception, spontaneity, social interest, and deep interpersonal relations

45
Q

What does ‘Self-Actualization’ not equal?

A

Perfection

46
Q

What is the textbook reference for Kurt Lewin?

A

Pages 447-450

47
Q

Who are some key figures in Psychoanalysis?

A

Sigismund Freud, Alfred Adler, Carl Jung, Karen Horney, Anna Freud, and Melanie Klein

48
Q

What is the focus of Humanistic Psychology?

A

Explored in chapter 17 of the textbook

49
Q

What is ‘Productive Thinking’?

A

A book by Max Wertheimer

50
Q

What is ‘The Mentality of Apes’?

A

A book by Wolfgang Köhler

51
Q

What is ‘Interpretation of Dreams’?

A

A book by Sigmund Freud

52
Q

What is ‘Escape from Freedom’?

A

A book by Erich Fromm

History of Psych (2 decks)

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