psych final exam Flashcards
how was the medical model an improvement over the historical way that mental patients were dealt with?
What is the DSM5 and why is it important?
- the medical model has now taken into account that biological are some reasons for mental illnesses, instead of the “possession” clause.
- The DSM-5 is a huge book that classifies all psychological disorders in updated versions ( it changes has they make discoveries) it is important because it helps psychologists understand the disorders they diagnose people with.
PTSD
Post traumatic stress disorder
symptoms include: nightmares, social withdrawal, jumpiness and insomnia.
causes: common among veterans or soldiers after returning from war.
GAD
Generalized anxiety disorder.
symptoms include: physical heart palpitations, lack of sleep and dizziness.
Causes: unknown as it is the worry of nothing specific.
Panic Disorder
The sudden paralyzing fear that something terrible is going to happen.
symptoms include: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, choking feelings.
Specific phobia
Irrational fears that cause people to avoid whatever that thing is or items related.
symptoms include: avoidance, physical fear such as crying or screaming.
cause: unknown but could relate to trauma if fear is extremely irrational.
Schizophrenia
where people dissociate themselves from reality.
symptoms include: disorganized thinking, though or words in no logical order and selective attention.
causes: Too much dopamine being released in the brain, other than that causes are unknown.
Major depression
a person feels depressed moods for two or more weeks.
symptoms include: depressed moods or feelings, lack of interest or pleasure in most activities.
Bipolar
an alternation between mania and depression.
symptoms include: talk a lot/ do not like being interrupted, no sleep, sexually promiscuous.
causes : childhood trauma, brain chemistry etc…
Dissociative Identity Disorder
claims of split personalities that are usually independent and come out whenever.
symptoms include: no recollection of memory or identity, different brain activity and visual acuity and eye muscles can change on personalities.
causes: most cases are of people who have experienced severe cases of trauma usually at a young age.
Anti-social and narcissistic disorders
a personality disorder that occurs in a continuous pattern, is disruptive, stubborn and impairs with a persons interactions with others.
symptoms include: disruptive and stubborn.
causes: genetics, risk factors at birth, poverty and childhood upbringing.
Narcissistic personality disorder
- a disruptive person who only thinks for themselves and causes chaos and is never the center of it.
symptoms include: hates criticism, wants to be in the limelight and thinks he/she is more important than others
causes: same as antisocial
how do regression to the mean and placebo effect affect therapy evaluations?
“Statistical regression to the mean predicts that patients selected for abnormalcy will, on the average, tend to improve. We argue that most improvements attributed to the placebo effect are actually instances of statistical regression.”
What is the difference between Biomedical therapy and psychotherapy?
Psychotherapy is a psychological treatment that employs various methods to help someone overcome personal problems or to attain personal growth. Biomedical therapy involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders.
What are the different types of therapy: client centered, psychoanalysis, behavior therapies and cognitive?
- This approach focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations. Psychoanalytically oriented therapies are characterized by a close working partnership between therapist and patient. Patients learn about themselves by exploring their interactions in the therapeutic relationship. While psychoanalysis is closely identified with Sigmund Freud,
- Behavior therapy. This approach focuses on learning’s role in developing both normal and abnormal.
- Cognitive therapy. Cognitive therapy emphasizes what people think rather than what they do.
- Humanistic therapy. This approach emphasizes people’s capacity to make rational choices and
The 4 controls for bias in an experiment: random sample, random assignment, double blind and placebo?
random sample- selection is random.
random assignment- assignment in which group the testers partake in is random
double blind- both parties are blind and require a third part venue.
placebo- the effect of thinking being told something can cure you and not receiving actual medicine.
Piagets 4 cognitive stages and what happens to children as they go through?
Sensorimotor- Know the world through movements and sensations.
Pre optional : Begin to think symbolically and learn to use words and pictures to represent objects.
Concrete operational: Begin to think logically about concrete events.
Formal operational: Begins to think abstractly and reason about hypothetical problems
