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PSYCH FINAL > PSYCH FINAL: CHAPTER 14 > Flashcards

PSYCH FINAL: CHAPTER 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a health psychologist?

A

researcher who studies both positive and negative effects that human’s behaviour and decisions have on their health, survival and well being

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2
Q

Why do university students gain weight?

A

increased food intake, decreased physical activity, increased alcohol consumption

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3
Q

Body Mass index (BMI) is used for what?

A

to account for height differences

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4
Q

BMI definition is?

A

statistic commonly used for estimating a healthy body weight given an individuals height

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5
Q

How is BMI calculated?

A

by dividing the person’s weight by the square of a persons height

ex. weight is 100kg, height is 180 cm BMI = 100/1.8squared = 30.9

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6
Q

What is a healthy, underweight, overweight and obese BMI?

A

healthy is 18.5 to 24.9
underweight is less than 18.5
overweight is 25-29.9
obese is over 30

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7
Q

Obesity is?

A

a growing concern associated with numerous health consequences such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoarthritis

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8
Q

Why is weight gained?

A

positive energy balance meaning too many calories come in and not enough are expended

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9
Q

other factors for weight gain include?

A

genetics, lifestyle, social variables

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10
Q

Genes contribute to?

A

the development of a set point

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11
Q

what is a set point?

A

a hypothesized mechanism that serves to maintain body weight around a physiologically programmed level

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12
Q

set point is relatively?

A

a small range encompassing 10% to 20% of one’s weight

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13
Q

your initial set point is controlled by?

A

genetic mechanisms but your actual weight can be modified by environmental factors (what and how much you eat)

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14
Q

Obesity rates are affected by?

A

social factors including influences from one’s family

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15
Q

First step to psychological research to help people loose weight is?

A

think critically about the weight loss options that are out there and find a way to effectively motivate people to change their behaviours

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16
Q

Positive emotion is likely to have what?

A

reduced the participants stress regarding dieting which could lead to reduction in the amount of food consumed

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17
Q

health and weight do what together?

A

increase together and socioeconomic factors have numerous positive and negative effects

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18
Q

health problems are magnified by?

A

stress

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19
Q

Discrimination is?

A

a stressor that can compromise both physical and mental health and is problematic because it is often uncontrollable and unpredictable

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20
Q

social resilience is?

A

ability to keep positive relationships and to endure and recover from social isolation and life stressors which can protect them from negative health consequences of loneliness and social isolation

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21
Q

marriage is?

A

shown to have long term health benefits

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22
Q

what can have a large effect on our health related behaviours?

A

the social group(s) we belong to

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23
Q

what is social contagion?

A

the often subtle unintentional spreading of a behaviour as a result of social interactions

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24
Q

stress is?

A

a psychological and physiological reaction that occurs when perceived demands exceed resources to meet those demands

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25
Q

stress refers to?

A

both events (stressors) and experiences in response to those events (Stress response) and chronic events

these can be positive and negative on performances

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26
Q

appraisal refers to?

A

the cognitive act of assessing and evaluating the potential threat and demands of an event

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27
Q

1st step of appraisal is?

A

individual perceives a potential threat and begins the primary appraisal by asking herself is this a threat

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28
Q

2nd step of appraisal is?

A

as events unfold the secondary appraisal begins where she cops with the threat if not then stress will continue

29
Q

threats can be?

A

physical or psychosocial

30
Q

the highest stress events include?

A

death of a spouse and divorce

holidays and tickets are low end

31
Q

almost everyone has?

A

individual zone of optimal functioning

32
Q

what is the individual zone of optimal functioning (IZOF)?

A

a range of emotional intensity in which he or she is most likely to perform at his or her best

33
Q

stress depends on?

A

our mental appraisal of a situation or event

34
Q

physiological response to stress occurs where?

A

throughout most of the body

35
Q

fight or flight response is?

A

a set ph physiological changes that occur in response to psychological or physical threats

36
Q

what is general adaptation syndrome? (GAS)

A

a theory of stress responses involving stages of alarm, resistance, and exhaustion

37
Q

Alarm reaction consists of?

A

your recognition of the threat and the physiological reactions that accompany it including increases in blood pressure, muscle tension, heart rate and adrenaline release

38
Q

resistance is

A

second part of response

39
Q

resistance is characterized by?

A

an individual using his or her physical and mental resources to respond to the stressor in an appropriate way

40
Q

exhaustion is?

A

third stage of response which occurs when the stressful experience depletes your physical resources and your physiological stress response and your ability to cope declines

41
Q

what is part of the stress responses to both positive and negative events?

A

sweaty palms, increased heart rate and gastrointestinal sensations

42
Q

in response to stress the hypothalamus does what?

A

stimulates the sympathetic nervous system which causes the adrenal medulla to release epinephrine and norephephrine

43
Q

epinephrine and norephephrine do what?

A

trigger the bodily changes associated with fight or flight response

44
Q

what is the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal? HPA axis?

A

a neural and endocrine circuit that provides communication between nervous system(hypothalamus) and the endocrine system (pituitary and adrenal glands)

45
Q

when your perceive you are in a stressful situation what happenes?

A

hypothalamus and pituitary gland work together to stimulate the release of cortisol

46
Q

cortisol is?

A

a hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that prepares the body to response to stressful circumstances

47
Q

who has a large cortisol response?

A

males

48
Q

men vs women responses?

A

men is fight or flight women is social response (tend and befriend)

49
Q

tend and befriends reaction may be promoted by the release of what?

A

oxytocin which is a stress sensitive hormone that is typically associated with maternal bonding and social relationships

50
Q

What is psychoneuroimmunology?

A

the study of this relationship between immune system and nervous system functioning

51
Q

high stress levels put people at risk for?

A

developing coronary heart disease

a condition in which plaques form in the blood vessels that supply the heart with blood an oxygen, resulting in restricted blood flow

52
Q

Type A personality describes people

A

who tend to be impatient and worry about time, easily angered, competitive and highly motivated

53
Q

Type B personality describes people

A

who are more laid back and characterized by patient, easygoing and relaxed disposition

54
Q

what will dictate if you are happy with stress?

A

being able to cope with it

55
Q

coping refers to?

A

processes used to manage demands, stress and conflict

56
Q

coping strategies include?

A

problem focused coping and emotion focused coping

57
Q

positive psychology uses?

A

scientific methods to study human strengths and potential

58
Q

optimism is?

A

tendency to have a favourable constructive view on situation and to expect positive outcomes

59
Q

pessimism is?

A

tendency to have a negative perception of life and expect negative outcomes

60
Q

pessimistic explanatory style is?

A

tendency to interpret and explain negative events as internally based and as a a constant stable quality

61
Q

pessimism is linked to?

A

negative affectivity

62
Q

negative affectivity is?

A

tendency to response to problems with a pattern of anxiety, hostility, anger, guilt or nervousness

63
Q

resilience is?

A

ability to effectively recover from illness or adversity

64
Q

stress and trauma can also lead people to recognize what?

A

how strong they really are

65
Q

post traumatic growth is?

A

capacity to grow and experience long term positive effects in response to negative events

66
Q

post traumatic growth and post traumatic stress happen when?

A

together

67
Q

biofeedback is?

A

a therapeutic technique involving the use pf physiological recording instruments to provide feedback that increases awareness of bodily responses

68
Q

Meditation is?

A

any procedure that involves a shift in consciousness to a state in which an individual is highly focused, aware and in control of mental process

PSYCH FINAL (1 decks)

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