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PSYCHOLOGY 100 > Psych Final > Flashcards

Psych Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Sigmund Freud

A 
Most famous psychologist
Helped write 1st DSM
Psychodynamic Perspective (unconscious thought)
ID, ego, superego
Oedipus & Electra complexes
Defense mechanisms
Dream Analysis
Psychosexual Development
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2
Q

Psychodynamic Perspective

A

Freudian theory of personality; thoughts and actions stem from the unconscious desires & conflicts in childhood, as well as drives influenced by sex and aggression.

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3
Q

The unconscious mind

A

Thoughts wishes, an feelings of which we are unaware (Iceberg: Conscious mind is the smaller part visible above water, unconscious mind is larger part below the surface)

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4
Q

Id

A

Unconscious self that contains our most primitive drives/urges. Directs impulses for hunger, thirst, and sex.
Pleasure principle
Seeks immediate gratification

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5
Q

Superego

A

Our conscious/moral compass; tells us how we should behave, controls pride and guilt
Helps control the Id (along with the ego)

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6
Q

Ego

A

Rational part of our personality, the part seen by others
Considered by Freud to be the “self”
Balances demands of the Id and superego in the context of reality
Reality Principle

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7
Q

Oedipus Complex

A

A boy’s desire for his mother & his urge to replace his father, who is seen as a rival for the mother’s attention

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8
Q

Electra Complex

A

Proposed by Carl Jung
Parallel to Oedipus Complex, involving a girl’s desire for the attention of her father
Initially embraced by Freud but later rejected it
Source of the term “penis envy”

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9
Q

Repression

A

Ego defense mechanism in which anxiety-related thoughts and memories are kept in the unconscious

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10
Q

Regression

A

Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety returns to a more immature behavioral state

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11
Q

Displacement

A

Ego defense mechanism in which a person transfers inappropriate urges or behaviors toward a more acceptable or less threatening target

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12
Q

Projecting

A

Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety disguises their unacceptable urges or behaviors by attributing them to other people

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13
Q

Reaction formation

A

Ego defense mechanism in which a person confronted with anxiety swaps unacceptable behaviors or urges for their opposites

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14
Q

Defense Mechanisms

A

Unconscious protective behaviors designed to reduce ego anxiety

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15
Q

Carl Jung

A

Freud’s protégé, known for analytical psychology, collective unconscious, introvert/extrovert, persona

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16
Q

Collective unconscious

A

Jung’s theory of common psychological tendencies that have been passed down from one generation to the next

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17
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Founder of humanistic psychology, believed real and ideal self-concepts create a conflict which causes psychological problems, believed in unconditional positive regard in which the therapist helps reduce self-discrepancy related problems by making patient feel accepted how they are

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18
Q

Humanistic psychology

A

Theory by Rogers and Maslow against the determinism of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Believes people have freedom to choose our destiny, the people are basically good, and self-actualization (achieving one’s full potential)

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19
Q

Unconditional Positive Regard

A

Roger’s theory of Humanistic Psychology in which the therapist makes the patient feel accepted as who they are to reduce discrepancy-related psychological problems

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20
Q

Trait approach

A

Describes personality traits, stable across time and situations. Includes personality tests.

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21
Q

The Big Five (OCEAN)

A

Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

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22
Q

Rorschach Inkblot Test

A

Test using a series of symmetrical inkblot cards presented to patient by psychologist in effort to reveal unconscious desires, fears, struggles

23
Q

Thematic apperception test

A

Test in which patient is presented with ambiguous images and they make up stories to go with the images in an attempt to uncover their unconscious desires, fears, and struggles

24
Q

Free association

A

Technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

25
Q

Implicit self-esteem

A

Unconscious attitudes about the self, measured using IAT test

26
Q

Locus of Control (internal vs external)

A

Internal: You believe that your choices and actions influence your outcomes
External: You believe that fate, luck, or other external circumstances influence your outcomes.

27
Q

Social Psychology

A

The psychology of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

28
Q

The power of the social situation

A

Imagined or actual presence of other people changes you behavior (ie handwashing in public restroom)

29
Q

Asch’s Conformity Experiment

A

Conformity test in which participants would change their answer as to which line was the longest, agreeing with others in the group when they were wrong.

30
Q

Conformity

A

Changing behaviors, thoughts, and values to those of other people

31
Q

Normative social influence

A

People conform with the group to fit in, feel good, and be accepted

32
Q

Informational social influence

A

People conform to the group because they believe the group is competent and has the correct information, resolves uncertainty.

33
Q

Prejudice

A

A negative attitude towards a group and its members

34
Q

Implicit Attitude Test (IAT)

A

Harvard test measures associations with prejudice

35
Q

Implicit Racism

A

Underlying, unconscious racist attitudes

36
Q

Explicit Racism

A

Overt, intentional racism

37
Q

Stereotype threat

A

When people feel they are confirming stereotypes about their group/people’s stereotypes of your group lead you to behave in ways which confirm their beliefs

38
Q

Self-fulfilling prophecy/labeling effect

A

Your beliefs about another person lead that person to behave in ways which confirm your beliefs

39
Q

Causes of prejudice

A

Economic/political competition, displaced aggression, maintenance of self-esteem, conformity to social norms

40
Q

Reducing prejudice

A

Equal status contact, mutual interdependence (working together towards common goal)

41
Q

Factors influencing interpersonal attraction

A

Proximity, similarity, physical attraction

42
Q

Proximity effect

A

The closer we are to someone geographically, physically, or psychologically, predicts relationship maintenance and development

43
Q

Similarity effect

A

We tend to be attracted to people who are similar to us

44
Q

Limerence

A

They experience of being in love with someone and longing for your feelings to be reciprocated

45
Q

Passionate love

A

Strong emotions, sexual desire, intense preoccupation with beloved

46
Q

Compassionate love

A

Milder but more stable feelings, mutual trust, dependability, deepens over time

47
Q

Consummate love

A

Passion, intimacy, and commitment- rarely achieved.

48
Q

Dispositional Attribution

A

Attributing someone’s actions to who they are/they way they are instead of the situation they are in (causality located within the person)

49
Q

Situational attribution

A

Attributing someone’s actions to the situation that they are in rather than who they are (causality located outside the person)

50
Q

Fundamental attribution error (FAE)

A

Overestimating the influence of personality dispositions and underestimating the influence of the situation

51
Q

Cognitive Dissonance theory

A

Festinger’s theory that a state of tension occurs when a person holds beliefs/attitudes/behaviors that are inconsistent

52
Q

Medical Model

A

Physical/biological approach to mental disorders

53
Q

Psychological Disorder

A

Atypical, disturbing (social norms), maladaptive (interferes with daily functioning)

PSYCHOLOGY 100 (1 decks)

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