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Intro to psych final > psych final > Flashcards

psych final Flashcards

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1
Q

what 2 groups are in an experiment?

A

experimental and control groups

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2
Q

what are the 2 variables in an experiment?

A

dependent and independent

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3
Q

what is naturalistic observation?

A

when a researcher studies a group’s behavior to discover patterns

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4
Q

what is a random sample?

A

a population has an equal chance of being chosen for an experimental study

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5
Q

what is a survey?

A

a representative question asked to a group of people about behavior and/or opinions

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6
Q

what is a dependent variable?

A

the result of an experiment

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7
Q

what are the 2 major division of the nervous system?

A

central and peripheral

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8
Q

what is a synapse?

A

the space between neurons

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9
Q

what is the brain stem and what does it do?

A

it’s a region of basic brain function such as breathing, coughing, and alertness

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10
Q

what is the occipital lobe for?

A

seeing

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11
Q

what are the temporal lobes for?

A

hearing

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12
Q

what is the peripheral nervous system divided into?

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

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13
Q

how does sympathetic act?

A

excited with activity

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14
Q

how does parasympathetic act?

A

calms down after activity

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15
Q

what is shaping?

A

rewarding an animal little by little until it performs at desired level of action

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16
Q

what is operant conditioning?

A

learning that ensures repeated performance

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17
Q

what is observational learning?

A

learning by watching and imitating another person’s actions

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18
Q

what is retrieval?

A

recalling something from long term memory

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19
Q

what is chunking?

A

an encoding process of finding small units that you can easily remember

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20
Q

what is semantic memory?

A

explicit memory, like names of places

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21
Q

what is recognition?

A

a retrieval method of memory most often used in multiple-choice questions

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22
Q

what is the symmetrical bell-shaped curve used to represent the distribution of scores as in intelligence scores?

A

normal curve

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23
Q

what influences intelligence?

A

nurture and nature

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24
Q

how is a test reliable?

A

it has consistent scores

25
Q

how is a test valid?

A

it measures what is supposed to be measured

26
Q

when does object permanence occur in children?

A

starts at 8 months

27
Q

what is a longitudinal study?

A

a study that studies a group of people over a long period of time

28
Q

what is a cross-sectional study?

A

a study that test different groups at the same time

29
Q

authoritarian parenting?

A

strict rules

30
Q

authoritative parenting?

A

boundaries with “wiggle room” within limits

31
Q

permissive parenting?

A

whatever you feel is okay, push over parent

32
Q

neglectful parenting?

A

i could care less

33
Q

trust vs. mistrust = ?

A

stage 1, hope

34
Q

autonomy vs. shame = ?

A

stage 2, will

35
Q

initiative vs. guilt = ?

A

stage 3, purpose

36
Q

industry vs. inferiority = ?

A

stage 4, competence

37
Q

identity vs. role-confusion = ?

A

stage 5, fidelity

38
Q

intimacy vs. isolation = ?

A

stage 6, love

39
Q

generativity vs. stagnation = ?

A

stage 7, care

40
Q

ego integrity vs. despair = ?

A

stage 8. wisdom & faith

41
Q

what did Freud teach about the unconscious?

A

it is the basis of human personality

42
Q

what does humanism teach?

A

personality must be capable of healthy growth and self-actualization

43
Q

what does “id” want? what is it based on?

A

whatever it sees. it is based on pleasure principle

44
Q

The Big Five Theory of personality; OCEAN mnemonic

A

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

45
Q

what is at the bottom of Maslow’s hierarchy needs?

A

physiological needs

46
Q

what is at the top of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

self-actualization

47
Q

what does psychoanalytic therapy use?

A

free association, dream analysis, and transference

48
Q

what is aversive conditioning?

A

use of negative methods to stop unwanted behavior
ex: giving an alcoholic antabuse, it makes them puke if they drink alcohol

49
Q

what disorder is the same as multiple personalities?

A

dissociative personality disorder

50
Q

what does PTSD come from?

A

horrible death-threatening assault
ex: warfare, muggings, rape, etc.

51
Q

people with antisocial personality disorder don’t care about what?

A

another person’s feelings, well-being, or possessions when committing a crime against that person

52
Q

what is an obsession in OCD?

A

unwanted repeated thoughts that drive ritualistic repeated behavior to rid oneself of those repeated thoughts

53
Q

what is schizophrenia characterized by?

A

delusion, hallucinations, disordered thoughts, and inconsistent behavior

54
Q

what is cognitive dissonance?

A

the disconnect between professed beliefs and actual behavior

55
Q

what is fundamental attribution error?

A

generalizing a person based on one situation with them

56
Q

what is prejudice?

A

a stereotype or negative attitude towards a group or individuals in that group

57
Q

what did Milgram’s experiment show
hint: electrocution and Nazi trials

A

most people obey authority to the point of hurting others

58
Q

who created multiple intelligence tests?

A

Weschler and Stanford-Binet

59
Q

Who says there are multiple intelligences?

A

Howard Gardner

Intro to psych final (1 decks)

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