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psych final Flashcards

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1
Q

over attention

A

occurs when the focus coincides with the sensory orientation

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2
Q

covert attention

A

the focus is the independent of sensory information

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3
Q

cocktail party effect

A

selective attention filters out stimilu not being attended to

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4
Q

shadowing experiments

A

subjects most focus on one or two or more simeltanoius stimuli
Dichroic presentation- simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the left and right ears

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5
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

is a failure to perceive non attended visual stimuli

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6
Q

divided attention tasks

A

subjects are asked to process two or more simultaneous stimuli

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7
Q

attentional spotlight

A

shifts around the environment highlighting stimuli for processing

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8
Q

attentional bottleneck

A

works as a filter to delve into the most important stimuli

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9
Q

early selection model of attention

A

filtering occurs at the sensory level and non attempted information never really reaches higher order cognition

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10
Q

suggests that the bottleneck occurs

A

later after substantial unconscious processing has occurred

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11
Q

perceptual load

A

the immediate processing demands presented by a stimulus; determines how much of our perceptual resources are used

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12
Q

sustained attention task

A

a single stimulus must be held in the spotlight for an extended length of time

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13
Q

voluntary attention

A

is directed towards aspects of environment according to our interests and goals

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14
Q

symbolic cuing

A

measures reaction time for noticing the appearance of a specific target preceded by a symbolic cue

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15
Q

valid cues

A

indicate whether a target will appear

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16
Q

invalid cues

A

point the wrong way

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17
Q

neutral cues

A

don’t provide any hint

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18
Q

reflexive attention

A

exogenous attention, is the involuntary reorienting of attention toward sudden or important event, but the attention does not last very long

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19
Q

bottom up process

A

is controlled by lower order sensory inputs rather than by voluntary conscious processes

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20
Q

inhibition of return

A

longer intervals interfere with processing
of valid cues

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21
Q

feature search

A

a search in which the target pops out right away due to a unique attribute

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22
Q

conjunction search

A

a search based on two or more features that together distinguish the target

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23
Q

binding problem

A

asks how the brain blends individual attributes into a single object when each attribute is processed in a different brain region

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24
Q

temporal resolution

A

the ability to track brain changes that occur quickly

25
Q

spatial resolution

A

the ability to observe detailed brain structure

26
Q

Averaging EEGS during several repeated trials gives the

A

ERP event related potential, or evoked u

27
Q

Auditory attention produces a unique ERP

A

about 100-150ms after the onset of a sound stimulus, two large waves appear in the ERP
A POSITIVE GOING WAVE called P1
and Immediately after a negative going wave N1

The Auditory N1 effect is strengthened for selectively attended stimuli

28
Q

P20-50 effect

A

is a positive wave early in recording
also enhanced in selectively attempted input

29
Q

P3 effect

A

occurs later in an ERP and may reflect higher order processing

An Example of a late selection effect

30
Q

visual p1

A

is the appearance of a positive wave of the ERP that occurs when the stimulus is a valid cue but not when it is invalid

31
Q

as delay between sensory cue and target

A

lengthens P1 enhancement is reduced and eventually becomes inverted

32
Q

when attention is places on a preferred stimulus

A

within a cells receptive feild, neurons start to fire actively, and when the attention is shifted to not as good of a stimulus the neurons fire less even though there is still a stimulus

33
Q

superior colliculi

A

guides movement of a eyes toward objects of attention

34
Q

the pulivinar

A

is involved in visual processing orienting and shifting attention and filtering of stimuli

35
Q

lateral intraparietal area

A

crucial for endogenous attention in monkeys

36
Q

intraparietal sulcus (IPS)

A

endogenous attention humans

37
Q

frontal eye field

A

directs gaze according to the contrive goals rather than characteristic of stimuli

38
Q

temporoparietal junction TPJ

A

steers attention toward novel or unexpected stimuli

39
Q

THE TPJ

A

receives input from directly from the visual cortex
strong connections with the ventral frontal cortex
Involved in working memory
VFC may analyze novelty by comparing stimuli over short periods of time

40
Q

Hemispaital neglect

A

no attention paid to one said of body or things presented on that side

failure to eat food on left side of plate,

41
Q

Balints syndrome

A

bilateral lesions of the parietal lobe
oculomotor ataxia- difficulty steering gaze
optic ataxia- inability to accurately reach objects using visual guidance
simultagnosia- profound restriction of attention to one object at a time

42
Q

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

A

neurological changes include slightly reduced brain volume, cerebellum and frontal lobes, and abnormal activity in some brain locations.

43
Q

consciousness

A

dependent on attention, may be defined as being aware that we are conscious, coupled with our perception of what is going on in our minds.

44
Q

default mode network

A

a part of your brain that seems to be active and inactive when we are in intentionally doing something

45
Q

cognitive impenetrable

A

basic neural processing operations that cannot be experienced through introspection

46
Q

the easy problem of consciousness

A

is understanding how particular patterns of neural activity create specific conscious experiences

47
Q

the hard problem of consciousness

A

is understanding brain processes that produce peoples subjective experiences of their conscious perceptions

48
Q

quailia

A

purely subjective experiences and perceptions, impossible to communicate to others

49
Q

free will

A

the belief that our conscious self is in charge of out actions and decisions, that we could have made a different choice

50
Q

conscious experiences of intention may be

A

felt as much as 5-10 seconds later then the neural activity involved with making a decision

51
Q

frontal lesions

A

impaired executive function that high level control needed to attend to important stimuli and make plans

52
Q

frontal lobe injuries lead to

A

emotional, motor and cognitive changes
persistent apathy, broken by hours of euphoria
impulsive behavior
lack of concern for past or future
forgetfulness

53
Q

the prefrontal cortex

A

is the most anterior region of the frontal lobe and is comparatively large in humans

it’s subdivided into the dorsolateral and orbtiofrontal

54
Q

frontal lobe patients have trouble with

A

task shifting and may also perservate- show repeated behaviors

55
Q

neuroeconomics

A

is the study of brain mechanisms during economic decision making

earliest parts of this process occur in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the reward system of the brain

56
Q

the choice system of neuroecnomics

A

the second system involves dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal regions

57
Q

theory of mind

A

individuals act on their own unique set of beliefs

58
Q

metacognition

A

thinking about thinking

psych final (1 decks)

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