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psych final Flashcards

1
Q

over attention

A

occurs when the focus coincides with the sensory orientation

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2
Q

covert attention

A

the focus is the independent of sensory information

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3
Q

cocktail party effect

A

selective attention filters out stimilu not being attended to

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4
Q

shadowing experiments

A

subjects most focus on one or two or more simeltanoius stimuli
Dichroic presentation- simultaneous delivery of different stimuli to the left and right ears

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5
Q

Inattentional blindness

A

is a failure to perceive non attended visual stimuli

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6
Q

divided attention tasks

A

subjects are asked to process two or more simultaneous stimuli

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7
Q

attentional spotlight

A

shifts around the environment highlighting stimuli for processing

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8
Q

attentional bottleneck

A

works as a filter to delve into the most important stimuli

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9
Q

early selection model of attention

A

filtering occurs at the sensory level and non attempted information never really reaches higher order cognition

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10
Q

suggests that the bottleneck occurs

A

later after substantial unconscious processing has occurred

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11
Q

perceptual load

A

the immediate processing demands presented by a stimulus; determines how much of our perceptual resources are used

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12
Q

sustained attention task

A

a single stimulus must be held in the spotlight for an extended length of time

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13
Q

voluntary attention

A

is directed towards aspects of environment according to our interests and goals

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14
Q

symbolic cuing

A

measures reaction time for noticing the appearance of a specific target preceded by a symbolic cue

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15
Q

valid cues

A

indicate whether a target will appear

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16
Q

invalid cues

A

point the wrong way

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17
Q

neutral cues

A

don’t provide any hint

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18
Q

reflexive attention

A

exogenous attention, is the involuntary reorienting of attention toward sudden or important event, but the attention does not last very long

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19
Q

bottom up process

A

is controlled by lower order sensory inputs rather than by voluntary conscious processes

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20
Q

inhibition of return

A

longer intervals interfere with processing
of valid cues

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21
Q

feature search

A

a search in which the target pops out right away due to a unique attribute

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22
Q

conjunction search

A

a search based on two or more features that together distinguish the target

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23
Q

binding problem

A

asks how the brain blends individual attributes into a single object when each attribute is processed in a different brain region

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24
Q

temporal resolution

A

the ability to track brain changes that occur quickly

25
spatial resolution
the ability to observe detailed brain structure
26
Averaging EEGS during several repeated trials gives the
ERP event related potential, or evoked u
27
Auditory attention produces a unique ERP
about 100-150ms after the onset of a sound stimulus, two large waves appear in the ERP A POSITIVE GOING WAVE called P1 and Immediately after a negative going wave N1 The Auditory N1 effect is strengthened for selectively attended stimuli
28
P20-50 effect
is a positive wave early in recording also enhanced in selectively attempted input
29
P3 effect
occurs later in an ERP and may reflect higher order processing An Example of a late selection effect
30
visual p1
is the appearance of a positive wave of the ERP that occurs when the stimulus is a valid cue but not when it is invalid
31
as delay between sensory cue and target
lengthens P1 enhancement is reduced and eventually becomes inverted
32
when attention is places on a preferred stimulus
within a cells receptive feild, neurons start to fire actively, and when the attention is shifted to not as good of a stimulus the neurons fire less even though there is still a stimulus
33
superior colliculi
guides movement of a eyes toward objects of attention
34
the pulivinar
is involved in visual processing orienting and shifting attention and filtering of stimuli
35
lateral intraparietal area
crucial for endogenous attention in monkeys
36
intraparietal sulcus (IPS)
endogenous attention humans
37
frontal eye field
directs gaze according to the contrive goals rather than characteristic of stimuli
38
temporoparietal junction TPJ
steers attention toward novel or unexpected stimuli
39
THE TPJ
receives input from directly from the visual cortex strong connections with the ventral frontal cortex Involved in working memory VFC may analyze novelty by comparing stimuli over short periods of time
40
Hemispaital neglect
no attention paid to one said of body or things presented on that side failure to eat food on left side of plate,
41
Balints syndrome
bilateral lesions of the parietal lobe oculomotor ataxia- difficulty steering gaze optic ataxia- inability to accurately reach objects using visual guidance simultagnosia- profound restriction of attention to one object at a time
42
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
neurological changes include slightly reduced brain volume, cerebellum and frontal lobes, and abnormal activity in some brain locations.
43
consciousness
dependent on attention, may be defined as being aware that we are conscious, coupled with our perception of what is going on in our minds.
44
default mode network
a part of your brain that seems to be active and inactive when we are in intentionally doing something
45
cognitive impenetrable
basic neural processing operations that cannot be experienced through introspection
46
the easy problem of consciousness
is understanding how particular patterns of neural activity create specific conscious experiences
47
the hard problem of consciousness
is understanding brain processes that produce peoples subjective experiences of their conscious perceptions
48
quailia
purely subjective experiences and perceptions, impossible to communicate to others
49
free will
the belief that our conscious self is in charge of out actions and decisions, that we could have made a different choice
50
conscious experiences of intention may be
felt as much as 5-10 seconds later then the neural activity involved with making a decision
51
frontal lesions
impaired executive function that high level control needed to attend to important stimuli and make plans
52
frontal lobe injuries lead to
emotional, motor and cognitive changes persistent apathy, broken by hours of euphoria impulsive behavior lack of concern for past or future forgetfulness
53
the prefrontal cortex
is the most anterior region of the frontal lobe and is comparatively large in humans it’s subdivided into the dorsolateral and orbtiofrontal
54
frontal lobe patients have trouble with
task shifting and may also perservate- show repeated behaviors
55
neuroeconomics
is the study of brain mechanisms during economic decision making earliest parts of this process occur in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the reward system of the brain
56
the choice system of neuroecnomics
the second system involves dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal regions
57
theory of mind
individuals act on their own unique set of beliefs
58
metacognition
thinking about thinking

psych final (1 decks)

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