Psych Final Flashcards
Reality Principle:
The ego’s control of the pleasure seeking activity of the id in order to meet the demands of the external world.
Superego:
The Freudian structure of personality that serves as the harsh internal judge of the individual’s behavior; what is often referred to as the conscious.
Repression:
Blocking of unpleasant emotions, impulses, memories, and thoughts from the conscious mind.
Projection:
Displacing one’s feelings onto a different person, animal, or object.
Oedipus Complex:
Freud’s belief that a boy has an intense desire to replace his father and receive his mother’s affection instead.
Collective Unconscious:
Jung’s term for the impersonal, deepest layer on the unconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestorial past.
Reciprocal Determinism:
Social-Cognitive theory that argues that behavior, cognition, and environment all interact and influence one another.
Self-Efficacy:
The belief that one can master a situation and produce possible change.
Behavioral Genetics:
The study of the inherited underpinnings of behavioral characteristics.
Projective Tests:
Personality assessment tests that presents individuals with an ambiguous stimulus and ask them to tell a story about it, to project their own meaning onto the stimulus.
What is unconditional positive regard?
Refers to a person’s unconditional acceptance / support without judgement, regardless of the person’s actions.
What are the Big Five?
The big five factors of personality are broad traits thought to describe the main dimensions of personalities. Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism (OCEAN).
Bystander Effect:
The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be less likely to help when others are present than when the observer is alone.
Social Cognition:
Area of social psychology exploring how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.
Stereotype:
A generalization about a group’s characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another.
Self-fulfilling prophecy:
Social expectations that cause an individual to act in such a way that the expectations are realized.
False Consensus Effect:
Observers overstimulation of the degree to which everybody else thinks or acts the way they do.
Self-Serving Bias:
Tendency to take credit for one’s successes and to deny responsibility for one’s failures.
Cognitive Dissonance:
An individual’s psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts.
Foot-in-the-Door Technique:
Compliance tactic that assumes agreeing to a small request increases the likelihood of agreeing to a second, larger request.
Egoism:
Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity; to gain self-esteem; to present oneself as powerful, competent, or caring; to avoid social and self- censure for failing to living up to society’s expectations.
Conformity:
A change in a person’s behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard.
Groupthink:
Impaired group decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.
Overt Aggression vs. Relational Aggression
Relation aggression is indirect, status hurting actions whereas overt aggression are direct actions with status harming intent.
Stanley Milgram Experimentation:
Milgram conducted an experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conflict. In the study, an authority figure ordered participants to deliver what they believed were dangerous electrical shocks to another person.
DSM-5:
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th Ed; major classification of psychological disorders in the US.
ADHD:
Attention-deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder; one of the most common psych disorders of childhood, in which individuals show one ore more of the following: inattention, hyperactivity, or impulsivity.
