Psych Exam #2 Flashcards
A mental container we build to hold our experiences. (a child sees a furry dog and calls it a cat)
Schemas
Theory of Mind
The ability to understand that others have their own thoughts and perspectives.
Emotional bonds formed with others. (in children, attachment is a physical closeness with caregiver)
Social Development
Attachment Variation
styles of dealing with separation
What is a strange situation?
Child is left alone with in an unfamiliar room with stranger and is labeled as a certain attachment variation based on their behavior.
What are the three different attachment variations?
- Secure Attachment
- Insecure Attachment (anxious style)
- Insecure Attachment (avoidant style)
60% of children distressed when their mother leaves, and they feel better when she returns.
Secure Attachment
The child clings to their parents, they are less likely to explore, and they are mad when parent leaves and returns.
Insecure Attachment (anxious style)
The child is indifferent on the departure and return of their parent.
Insecure Attachment (avoidant style)
What are the four parenting styles?
- Authoritarian
- Authoritative
- Permissive
- Neglectful/Uninvolved
Authoritarian
The parent has high behavior standards, strict punishments, and little communication.
Authoritative
The parent sets limits, but listens to child’s concern, and they are flexible with rules.
Permissive
The parent is very nurturing and communicative, they give little discipline, guidance, and control.
Our awareness of ourselves and our environment.
Consciousness
What are the three states of consciousness?
- Spontaneous States
- Physiologically Induced States
- Psychologically Induced States
Spontaneous States Examples
day dreaming, drowsiness, dreaming
Physiologically Induced States Examples
drug hallucinations, orgasms, food or oxygen starvation
Psychologically Induced States Examples
sensory deprivation, hypnosis, meditation
Conscious vs Unconscious
Dual Track Mind
Conscious “high” Track
a) Our minds take deliberate actions; we know what we are doing
b) ex: problem solving, naming an object, defining a word
Unconscious “low” Track
a) Our minds perform automatic actions, often without being aware of them
b) ex: walking, acquiring phobias, processing sensory details to memories
Change Blindness
Occurs when a change in a visual stimulus is introduced and the observer does not notice it.
ex: light flickering off, then on quickly again
People are blind to their own choices and preferences.
ex: giving a reason why you like what you originally did not.
Choice Blindness
In Attentional Blindness
Psychological lack of attention that is not associated with any vision defects or deficits.
Why do we sleep?
- repair/restore the brain and body
- protection
- growth - HGH
- learning and memory consolidation
24 hour biological clock is called…
What does it include?
Circadian Rhythm
sleep/wake cycle
Zeitgeber
Environmental cue that sets a circadian rhythm
Sensation
Stimulation of sensory receptors and transmission of sensory information from environment to CNS
Receptors on neurons are ________ to energy of outside world.
sensitive
Conversion of one signal (physical energy) into another (AP)
Sensory Transduction
Perception
The process by which sensory information is organized into an internal representation of the world.
What are the two physical components of light?
hue and intensity
What is hue perceived through?
Wavelength
What is intensity perceived through?
Amplitude
What does a short wavelength identify? What color characterizes this?
High Frequency (blue)
What does a long wavelength identify? What color characterizes this?
Low Frequency (red)
Where are photoreceptor located?
Retina
What are entailed in the photoreceptor?
Cones and Rods
What is the job of cones?
Show detail and color
What is the job of a rod?
Shows black and white (see well in low light), movement
Near center of retina (fovea), function in bright light, enable color perception, detect fine detail
Cones
Function in dim light, detect black and white vision, but not colors, necessary for peripheral and twilight vision
Rods
What is the job of a flat lens?
Sight far away
What is the job of a ball lens?
Sight up close
Near Sightedness
struggle with seeing far away
Far Sightedness
struggle with seeing close up
Visual fields that cross over to opposite visual cortex.
Visual Pathways
Where does information from left visual field travel? Right?
left goes to right visual cortex
right goes to left visual cortex
Feature Detection
Certain specialized cells respond to specific objects.
Perception is built from sensory processing in different brain areas.
Parallel Processing
Trichromatic Theory
The first scientific theory of color vision.
Gestalt Principle
Turning random patterns into something.
What are the three ways that we group visual information?
- Proximity
- Continuity
- Closure
