Psych Exam #2 Flashcards
What is the definition of Motivation?
Motivation is the wants and needs that direct our behavior toward some goal.
What is the difference between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation?
Intrinsic Motivation: the desire to perform a behavior for its own sake. Extrinsic Motivation: the desire to perform a behavior to obtain an external reward.
What does the Over-justification Theory suggest?
Extrinsic motivation decreases intrinsic motivation when a person attributes their performance to the extrinsic reward.
What is Cognitive-Evaluation Theory?
A reward perceived as an attempt to control a person’s behavior will decrease his/her intrinsic motivation.
What is Instinct Theory?
Instinct: a complex, inherited species-specific behavior pattern.
What does Drive Theory propose?
Behavior is motivated by the need to reduce drives such as sex or hunger, aiming for homeostasis.
What is the Arousal Motive?
The motive to maintain an optimal level of physiological activation.
Define Self-Efficacy.
Self-efficacy is an individual‘s belief in his or her own capability to complete a task.
What are the three types of Social Motives?
- Achievement
- Affiliation
- Intimacy
What is Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?
A hierarchical model of needs from physiological to transcendence.
What is the definition of Learning?
Learning is a relatively permanent change in knowledge or behavior resulting from experience.
What is Associative Learning?
Occurs when an organism makes connections between stimuli or events that occur together.
Define Classical Conditioning.
A form of learning where a stimulus occurs before the behavior and gets paired with it.
What is the Law of Effect?
Behaviors followed by satisfying consequences are more likely to be repeated.
What does Positive Reinforcement entail?
Adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
What is Negative Reinforcement?
Removing something aversive to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
What is Extinction in operant conditioning?
Gradual disappearance of a response when reinforcement stops.
What are the two types of Punishment?
- Positive Punishment: Adding an aversive stimulus
- Negative Punishment: Removing a desired stimulus
What is Continuous Reinforcement?
Reinforcing every desired behavior.
What is Latent Learning?
Learning that occurs but may not be evident until there is reason to demonstrate it.
Define Personality.
Refers to the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently think, feel, and behave in specific ways.
What is the Behavioral Approach to personality?
Views personality as shaped by reinforcements and consequences outside of the organism.
What is the Social Cognitive Approach?
Focuses on the interaction between cognitive processes and behavior.
What is Observational Learning?
Learning by observing others’ behavior and its consequences.
