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NUR 329 > Psych Exam 1 > Flashcards

Psych Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Amygdala

A

Processes emotions, anxiety, fear, and pleasure

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2
Q

Serotonin

A

inhibitory: modulates mood, emotion, sleep, pain, and appetite as related to mood, temperature regulation; some cognitive function

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3
Q

serotonin is decreased in what?

A

depressive & anxiety disorders

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4
Q

Dopamine

A

excitatory: pleasurable feelings, complex motor activities, plays a role in hallucinations

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5
Q

dopamine is increased and decreased in what?

A

decreased in depression & addiction
increased in mania and positive symptoms in schizophrenia

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6
Q

Norepinephrine

A

level in the brain affects mood, attention, and arousal. Stimulates sympathetic branch of autonomic nervous system for “fight or flight” stress response

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7
Q

Norepinephrine is decreased in what?

A

decreased in depression. Increased in mania, anxiety, and schizophrenia

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8
Q

GABA

A

major inhibitory mechanism; reduces anxiety, aggression, and stress; regulates norepinephrine, adrenaline, dopamine and serotonin

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9
Q

GABA is decreased in what?

A

decreased in anxiety, mania, and schizophrenia

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10
Q

Glutamate

A

excitatory action (too much may result in seizure activity and neurodegeneration in Alzheimer’s)

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11
Q

Glutamate is decreased in what?

A

decreased in psychosis, autism, OCD, depression, and schizophrenia

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12
Q

Acetylcholine

A

cognitive functioning; sleep-wake cycles

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13
Q

Acetylcholine is decreased in what?

A

decreased in Alzheimer’s and sleep disorders. Increased in depression

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14
Q

Neuroplasticity

A

The ability of the brain to change with learning is what is known as neuroplasticity

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15
Q

Synaptic Pruning

A

Neurological process removes unnecessary/damaged neuronal structures

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16
Q

Over pruning is seen in what?

A

schizo

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17
Q

what is schizophrenia

A

psychosis characterized by abnormalities in perception, content of thought, and thought processes, and extensive withdrawal of one’s interest from individuals and the outside world

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18
Q

what is psychosis

A

a state in which the individual is experiencing hallucinations, delusions or disorganized thoughts, speech or behavior

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19
Q

schizo can interfere with a person’s ability to what?

A

think clearly, manage emotions, make decisions, relate to others

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20
Q

positive symptoms are..

A

symptoms that exist but should not be there

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21
Q

positive symptoms include

A

hallucinations, delusions, disorganized behavior, disorganized speech

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22
Q

what are hallucinations

A

Perceptual experiences that occur without actual external sensory stimuli

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23
Q

command hallucination

A

auditory Hallucinations (AH) in the form of commands. The contents of the hallucinations can range from the innocuous to commands to cause harm to self or others. This type of hallucination must be monitored carefully because they may be dangerous.

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24
Q

how to observe for hallucinations

A

eyes tracking, muttering or talking to self, appearing distracted, suddenly stopping conversation as if interrupted, or intently watching a vacant area of the room

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25
Q

what to ask about hallucinations

A

what are you hearing
DO NOT ask: what are the voices saying to you

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26
Q

what are delusions

A

Erroneous fixed beliefs that cannot be changed by reasonable argument

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27
Q

grandiose

A

belief that one has exceptional power, wealth, skills, influence, destiny

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28
Q

nihilistic

A

belief that one is dead, or a disaster is impending

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29
Q

Persecutory

A

belief that one is being watched, plotted against, ridiculed

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30
Q

somatic

A

belief about abnormalities in body function or structure

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31
Q

Religious

A

believe they have a special relationship with God or are on a mission for God, or that they are sinners

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32
Q

referential

A

believe that newspaper articles, TV shows or song lyrics are directed specifically at them

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33
Q

thought blocking

A

in the middle of talking about his childhood, the patient abruptly pauses, after which he can’t remember what he was saying

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34
Q

thought broadcasting

A

“I know you know what I’m thinking. Everybody hears what I’m thinking”

35
Q

thought withdrawal

A

the man continually blames his poor memory on “government

36
Q

thought insertion

A

the patient repeatedly complains of having disturbingly violent thoughts, which, she claims, are being sent to her by Satan

37
Q

paranoia

A

an irrational fear, ranging from mild (wary, guarded) to profound (believing irrationally that another person intends to kill you)

38
Q

circumstantiality

A

extremely detailed & lengthy talk about a topic but gets eventually to the point

39
Q

tangentiality

A

extremely detailed & lengthy talk about a topic but usually doesn’t get to the point

40
Q

loose associations

A

absence of normal connectedness of thoughts, ideas & topics (“I was home when the drum began beating. I flew too low.”

41
Q

flight of ideas

A

topic of conversation changes repeatedly & rapidly with only superficial associative connections (a man begins talking about his business, but quickly shifts to discussing the economy, the government, and the other countries

42
Q

echolalia

A

repetition of another’s words, pathological repetition of another’s word

43
Q

clang association

A

repetition of words that are similar in sound but in no other way
EX. “I heard the bell. Well, hell then I fell.”

44
Q

stilted language

A

overly & artificial formal language

45
Q

pressured speech

A

as if words are being forced out

46
Q

word salad

A

string of words totally unconnected, jumble of words meaningless to a listener
EX. “Because it makes a twirl in life, my box is broken help me blue elephant.”

47
Q

neologisms

A

made up words, meaning for the patient only
EX. “I got so angry I picked up a dish and threw it at the geshinker.”

48
Q

paranoia

A

suspiciousness that is unrealistic

49
Q

illogicality

A

conclusions are reached that do not follow logically

50
Q

aggression

A

behaviors or attitudes that reflect rage

51
Q

agitation

A

inability to sit still or attend to others, pacing

52
Q

catatonic excitement

A

hyperactivity characterized by purposeless activity & abnormal movements

53
Q

echopraxia

A

involuntary imitation of another’s movements & gestures

54
Q

regressed behavior

A

childlike/immature

55
Q

stereotype

A

repetitive purposeless movements that are peculiar to the person

56
Q

hypervigilance

A

sustained attention to external stimuli

57
Q

waxy flexibility

A

posture held in fixed position

58
Q

negative symtoms are

A

ones that should be there but are not

59
Q

negative symptoms include…

A

affective flattening or blunting, ambivalence
alogia
Avolition
anhedonia
asociality
concrete thinking
impaired memory
impaired information processing
impaired executive functioning

60
Q

affective flattening or blunting

A

flat or blunted emotion

61
Q

ambivalence

A

presence of two opposing forces, leading to inaction, cant decide, stuck

62
Q

alogia

A

brief and lack of content verbal responses, not able to elaborate (poverty of speech)

63
Q

Avolition

A

inability to complete projects, assignments, or work

64
Q

anhedonia

A

inability to gain pleasure, hijacks joy

65
Q

asociality

A

decreased desire for, or comfort during social interactions

66
Q

concrete thinking

A

inability to think abstractly

67
Q

impaired memory

A

impacts short-term memory and the ability to learn

68
Q

impaired information processing

A

delayed responses, misperceptions or difficulty understanding others

69
Q

impaired executive functioning

A

difficulty with reasoning, setting priorities, comparing options, planning

70
Q

Anosognosia

A

Inability to realize they are ill

71
Q

Extrapyramidal Symptoms (EPS)

A

Pseudoparkinsonism
Akathisia
acute dystonia
tardive dyskinesia

72
Q

Pseudoparkinsonism

A

stimulates parkinson’s disese and is a reversible syndrome
symptoms:
tremulousness in the hands and arms
rigidity in the arms and shoulders
Bradykinesia
Akinesia
Hypersalivation
masked facies
shuffling gait

73
Q

treatment for Pseudoparkinsonism

A

dosage reduction or the addition of oral anticholinergic agents

74
Q

akathsia

A

feeling of inner restlessness that can be manifested as excessive pacing or inability to remain still for any length of time

75
Q

Torticollis

A

spasmodic and painful spasm of muscles ( head pulled to one side)

76
Q

Oculogyric Crisis

A

eyes roll back toward the head

77
Q

Opisthotonus

A

A type of spasm in which the head and heels arch backward in extreme hyperextension and the body forms a reverse bow

78
Q

laryngospasm

A

spasm of throat impairing breathing and swallowing

79
Q

oral-facial maxillary spasms

A

treat emergently as they may progress

80
Q

Tardive Dyskinesia

A

involuntary movement disorder
may not be reversible
usually involves the orofacial region, but all parts of the body can be involved
Abnormal movements can include myoclonic jerks, tics, chorea, and dystonia

81
Q

Agranulocytosi

A

A reduction in the number of circulating granulocytes and decreased production of granulocytes that limit one’s ability to fight off infection

82
Q

Suicidal Ideation

A

Thinking about death, including the wish to be dead, considering methods of accomplishing death, and formulating plans to carry the act out

83
Q

Suicidal Behavior

A

Acts associated with suicidal intent

84
Q

Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

A

Deliberate and direct attempts to inflict painful injuries to the surface of the body without intending to die

NUR 329 (1 decks)

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