Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Antimicrobials > Psych drugs > Flashcards

Psych drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Function of benzodiazepine

A
  1. Anxiolytic

2. Hypnotic agent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Name 3 classes of benzodiazepine

A
  1. Short acting: Midazolam
  2. Intermediate acting: Lorazepam, alprazolam
  3. Longer acting: Diazepam
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

MOA of benzodiazepine (BZD)

A
  1. bind to CNS BZD sites
  2. potentiates GABA action on
  3. GABA dependent binding
  4. increase frequency chloride channels opening

note GABA is inhibitory neurotransmitter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Route of administration of BZD

A
  1. Oral fast onset 30mins-1hr

2. IV: midazolam, lorazepam, diazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Adverse effects of BZD (7)

A

4 CNS + 1 CVS

  1. Sedation
  2. Increase drowsiness, reaction time + Decrease motor skill
  3. Anterograde amnesia (forget after drug– esp in IV)
  4. Decrease BP & respiration in predisposed pt (eg IHD)
  5. Paradoxical effect of hallucination/excitement/violence (due to disinhibition by BZD where behaviour normally suppressed)
  6. Floppy child syndrome: 3rd trimester (pls don’t give ans in elderly)
  7. Tolerance & dependence, withdrawal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What’s the characteristic of benzodiazepine induced sleep?

A

Reduced REM & deep stage 4 sleep

compared to natural sleep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Will overdose BZD result in toxicity?

A

No, GABA dependent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s insomnia?

A
  1. difficulty falling asleep
  2. maintaining sleep
  3. early morning awakening

–> affects next day fn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Causes of insomnia

A

Internal

  1. anxiety
  2. depression

External

  1. drug induced -caffeine
  2. drug withdrawal- eg. from alcohol/ sleeping pill
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 2 Non-benzodiazepine hypnotics?

A

Zolpidem, zopiclone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

MOA of non BZD hypnotics

A

Act on BZD sites similar to BZD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adverse effects of non BZD hypnotics

A
  1. withdrawal

2. abuse potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What’s depression?

A
  1. symptoms persist for at least 2 weeks

2. severity of symptoms interfere w normal functioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s depression due to?

A

deficiency of monoamines (dopamine/serotonin/noradrenaline)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 4 drug classes of Antidepressants?

A
  1. SSRI
  2. TCA (more effect on NA> serotonin): amitriptyline, imipramine
  3. SNRI
  4. NaSSa
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do SSRI work?

A

Block reuptake of monoamines in synaptic cleft back into pre-synpatic neuron

increase BDNF in post synaptic neuron

17
Q

Name the 4 SSRIs

A
  1. Fluoxetine
  2. Paroxetine
  3. Sertraline
  4. Escitalopram
18
Q

DDI of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

A

Inhibition CYP450 enzymes

fluoxetine> paroxetine > sertraline> escitalopram

** eg pt taking anti-hypertensives–> may become hypotensive low BP fainty giddy

19
Q

What are the SSRI adverse effects? (4)

A
  1. Anxiety
  2. Weight loss/gain
  3. Headache, nausea
  4. Sexuality dysfunction

no fatality in overdose

20
Q

What are the TCAs adverse effects? (4)

A
  1. CNS: sedation & fatigue
  2. CVS: tachycardia, arrhythmias, postural hypotension
  3. Anticholinergic effect: glaucoma, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation
21
Q

What happens if you take too much TCAs amitriptyline/imipramine?

A

Overdose fatality

22
Q

Weighing which antidepressant to give?

A

SSRI– non fatal on overdose
** given to pt w suicide tendencies

TCA– gold standard for severe depression (but CVS arrhythmia)

Atypical antidepressant Mirtazapine– sedating, gd for insomnia

23
Q

Adult neurogenesis in hippocampus/olfactory bulb is upregulated by?

A
  1. exercise
  2. enriched env
  3. learning (hippocampal)
  4. estrogen
  5. AD
24
Q

Effect of AD drugs on hippocampus

A
  1. increased BDNF in hippocampus

2. BDNF protects neurons from neurotoxic damange

25
Q

Adult neurogenesis is down-regulated by?

A
  1. Stress
  2. glucocorticoids
  3. age
  4. opiates
  5. excitatory aa
26
Q

Psychosis is caused by? (hypothesis)

A

excess dopamine transmission (mscl system)

27
Q

Schizophrenia symptoms & duration (+ve & -ve symptoms)

A

++ve symptoms

  1. delusion
  2. hallucination
  • -ve symptoms
    1. blunting of affect
    2. poor [ ]

> 6 months

28
Q

Name the 2 clasess of anti-psychotic drugs

A
  1. Typical (first gen): low potency chlorpromazine, high potency haloperidol
  2. Atypicals (second gen): ROQCA
29
Q

What’s the difference b/n 1st & 2nd generation antipscyhotics?

A

typicals block more dopamine R than serotonin R

30
Q

MOA of antipsychotics

A
  1. TYPICAL
    block D2 > 5-HT2 R
    + block D,M,H,AA
  2. ATYPICAL
    5HT2> D
31
Q

What is the Adverse effect of typical antipsychotic drugs?

A

Extra pyramidal side effects

32
Q

What does EPSE entail? (ADAPT from early to late onset symptoms)

A 
Acute 
Dystonia
Akathisia (cannot sit still)
Parkinsonism
Tardive dyskinesia

malignant syndrome (catatonia, myoglobinemia etc - can be fatal)

33
Q

What are the adverse effects of the atypical antipsychotic drugs?

A

Less EPSE but…

  1. risperidone - epse dose dependent
  2. clozapine- agranulocytosis 2% pt
  3. olanzepine - sedation + weight gain
  4. quetiapine - weight gain

Antimicrobials (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions