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Psychiatry > Psych Drugs > Flashcards

Psych Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

CLASS: Anxiolytics

Give THREE examples

A
  1. benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, clonazepam)
  2. barbiturates (phenobarbital)
  3. buspirone
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2
Q

CLASS: Antipsychotics

Give TWO examples

A
  1. typical antipsychotics (chlorpromazine-low potency, haloperidol-high potency)
  2. atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole)
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3
Q

CLASS: Antidepressants

Give FIVE examples

A
  1. SSRIs (sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxentine, citalopram, escitalopram)
  2. SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine)
  3. atypical antidepressants (buproprion)
  4. TCAs (amitriptyline, clomipramine)
  5. MAOIs (iproniazid, moclobemide, befloxatone, brofaromine)
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4
Q

CLASS: Mood Stabilizers

Give TWO examples

A

Lithium

Lamotrigine

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5
Q

CLASS: Stimulants

Give TWO examples

A

Amphetamine

Methylphenidate

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6
Q

Benzodiazepines

GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, clonazepam)

potentiate GABAa-mediated inhibition (increase frequency of opening)

ataxia, dizziness, somnolence, fatigue, memory difficulties

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7
Q

Barbiturates

GIVE EXAMPLE
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

barbiturates (phenobarbital)

potentiate GABAa-mediated inhibition (increase the duration of opening)

sedation, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, decreased libido, depression

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8
Q

Busprione
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

Serotonin 5-HT1a receptor partial agonist

dizziness, confusion, headache, blurred vision, nervousness

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9
Q

Typical antipsychotics
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

typical antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, haloperidol)

antagonize dopamine D2 receptors

parkinsonian symptoms~esp high potency, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia (delayed onset of dyskinesia), anticholinergic symptoms~esp low potency (dry mouth, urinary hesitation, constipation, blurry vision)

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10
Q

Atypical antipsychotics
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole)

antagonize dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT2 receptors.

clozapine and olazapine also antagonize D4 receptors

aripiprazole is a D2 and 5-HT1 partial agonist (meant to decrease side effects) AKA abilify

mild extrapydramidal symptoms (parkinsonian), anticholinergic symptoms, sedation, weight gain

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11
Q

SSRIs
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

SSRIs ( fluoxentine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram)

“Flashbacks paralyze senior citizens.”

increase synaptic serotonin levels by inhibiting presynaptic uptake; downregulation of post synaptic receptors; overall synthesis of serotonin declines

serotonin syndrome (when used concomitantly with an MAOi), sexual dysfunction!!!, GI distress, flu like experience, grinding teeth

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12
Q

SNRIs
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine)

inhibit serotonin reuptake and norepinephrine reuptake at the synapse

HTN, sweating, weight loss, GI distress, blurred vision, sexual dysfunction, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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13
Q

Atypical Antidepressant
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

Bupropion

weakly inhibit uptake of serotonin, NE, dopamine

tachyarrhythmia, pruritis, sweating, rash, dyspepsia, constipation, dizziness

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14
Q

TCAs (tricycline antidepressants)
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

TCAs (amitriptyline, clomipramine)

inhibit serotonin and norepiephrine reuptake

heart block, bloating, constipation, dizziness, xerostomia, somnolence, urinary retention

vary narrow therapeutic range; high burden; not first line@

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15
Q

MAOi (monoamine oxidase inhibitor)
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

MAOIs (iproniazid, moclobemide, befloxatone, brofaromine)

increase serotonin and NE levels in the presynaptic neurons and synapses by inhibiting their breakdown

tyramine toxicity, dizziness, somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, weight gain

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16
Q

Lithium
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

mood stabilizer

MECHANISM NOT ESTABLISHTED. inhibits adrenergic, muscarnic, and serotonergic neurotransmission in the brain.

acute lithium intoxication (N/V, diarrhea, renal failure, ataxia, tremor), bradyarrhythmia, hypotension, hyperkalemia, nephrogenic diabetes inspidus, hypothyroidism, goiter, ECG and EEG abnormalities, acne

17
Q

lamotrigine
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

mood stabilizer

inhibit neurotransmission by blocking neuronal sodium channel

rash, ataxia, somnolence, blurred vision

18
Q

Stimulants
GIVE EXAMPLES
MECHANISM
ADVERSE EFFECTS

A

Amphetamine, Methylphenidate

increase catecholamne release from the synaptic terminal, block catecholamine reuptake, weakly inhibits MAO

HTN, tachyarrhythmia, restlessness, loss of appetite, addiction potential

19
Q

Pharmacotherapy for Delirium

A

Antipsychotics (1. typical antipsychotics: chlorpromazine, haloperidol 2. atypical antipsychotics :risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole)

Benzodiazepines (ex. diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, clonazepam)

20
Q

Pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia

A

Antipsychotics (1. typical antipsychotics: chlorpromazine, haloperidol 2. atypical antipsychotics :risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole)

haloperidol (long-acting and injectable useful for the uncooperative)

21
Q

Pharmacotherapy for Major Depressive Disorder

A

Antidepressants

  1. SSRIs (sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxentine, citalopram, escitalopram)
  2. TCAs (amitriptyline, clomipramine)
  3. MAOIs (iproniazid, moclobemide, befloxatone, brofaromine)

ECT

22
Q

Pharmacotherapy for Bipolar Disorder

A

Lithium
Anticonvulsants
Antipsychotics (1. typical antipsychotics: chlorpromazine, haloperidol 2. atypical antipsychotics :risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole)

ECT

23
Q

Pharmacotherapy for General Anxiety Disorder

A
  1. Benzodiazepines (ex. diazepam, lorazepam, midazolam, clonazepam)
  2. Buspirone
  3. SSRIs (sertraline, paroxetine, fluoxentine, citalopram, escitalopram)
  4. SNRIs (venlafaxine, duloxetine)
24
Q

Pharmacotherapy for PTSD

A 
SSRIs 
MAOi
TCAs 
Benzo...for acute attacks 
Anticonvulsants
25
Q

Pharmacotherapy for Social Phobia

A

SSRI

Beta Blockers

26
Q

Pharmacotherapy for OCD

A

SSRIs (first line)

TCAs

27
Q

Pharmacotherapy for Bulimia Nervosa

A

Antidepressants

28
Q

Pharmacotherapy for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (Ritaline) first line

SSRIs, TCAs (adjunctive)

29
Q

What Rx is contraindicated for patients with bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa?

A

Bupropion

30
Q

Antipsychotics are used in which disorders?

A

delirium
schizophrenia
bipolar

  1. typical antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, haloperidol)
  2. atypical antipsychotics (risperidone, clozapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole)
31
Q

Benzodiazepines are used in which disorders?

A

delirium
general anxiety disorder
PTSD

32
Q

SSRIs are used in which disorders?

A 
MDD 
Social Phobia 
OCD 
GAD 
PTSD 
ADHD (adjunctive)
33
Q

TCAs (tricyclic antidepressants) are used in which disorders?

A

MDD
PTSD
OCD
ADHD (adjunctive)

34
Q

MAOis are used in which disorders?

A

MDD

PTSD

35
Q

anticonvulsants are used in which disorders?

A

bipolar

PTSD

36
Q

tardive dyskinesia

what is it? 
what class of medication causes it?
A

delayed onset of dyskinesia
permanent side effect

caused by typical antipsychotics (first-generation)

37
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

what is it? 
what class of medication causes it?
A

arises from massive dopamine (D1, D2) blockade

muscle rigidity, fever, autonomic instability and cognitive changes

MEDICAL EMERGENCY admit to ICU

Fever 
Encephalopathy 
Vital Signs are unstable 
Elevated WBC and CPK 
Rigidity

caused by typical antipsychotics (first-generation)

Psychiatry (5 decks)

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