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Drug List > Psych Drugs > Flashcards

Psych Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is Halothane?

A

An inhaled general anesthetic

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2
Q

What are Halothane’s side effects?

A

Hepatotoxicity

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3
Q

What is Isoflurane?

A

An inhaled general anesthetic, especially good for MI patients

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4
Q

What is Desflurane?

A

An inhaled general anesthetic

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5
Q

What is Sevoflurane?

A

An inhaled general anesthetic, good for children and asthmatics (seven-year-old asthmatic)

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6
Q

What is Nitrous Oxide?

A

Inhaled anesthetic, Must be combined w/ other anesthetic (high MAC)

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7
Q

What is Propofol?

A

IV anesthetic, Good in head trauma, Watch out for egg and nut allergies

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8
Q

What is Fospropofol?

A

IV anesthetic only for sedation

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9
Q

What is Etomidate?

A

IV anesthetic, good for patients in shock

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10
Q

What is Ketamine?

A

IV anesthetic, Blocks NMDA receptors, cardio stimulant, bad dreams

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11
Q

What is Dexmedetomidine?

A

IV anesthetic, doesn’t cause respiratory depression

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12
Q

What is Tranylcypromine?

A

MAO inhibitor, used to treat aypical depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis

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13
Q

What are side effects of tranylcypromine?

A

Adrenergic side effects (BP, CNS, etc.) beware wine and cheese (tyramine)

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14
Q

What are Tricyclic Antidepressants?

A

Amitriptyline, Nortriptylene, Despramine, Imipramine, Amoxapine (Amy Took a Trip to Norway)

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15
Q

What do Tricyclic Antidepressants treat?

A

Major depression, bedwetting, OCD

Block NE and serotonin reuptake

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16
Q

What are Side Effects of Tricyclic? Antidepressants?

A

Sedation, a-blocking effects, anticholinergic effects

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17
Q

What are the Atypical Antidepressants?

A

Trazodone, Maprotiline, Bupropion (If you’re in Alcatraz)

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18
Q

What is Trazodone?

A

atypical antidepressant used for insomnia. Inhibits serotonin reuptake, higher doses treat depression.

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19
Q

What are Side Effects of Trazodone?

A

sedation, nausea, priapism (TrazoBONE), hypotension

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20
Q

What is Bupropion?

A

Used as antidepressant and to stop smoking, Inhibits DA and NE reuptake

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21
Q

What are Bupropion Side Effects?

A

Stimulant effects (tachycardia, insomnia), headaches

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22
Q

What are the SSRI’s?

A

“The Ox Flue” Fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram, paroxetine

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23
Q

What are the SNRI’s?

A

Venlafaxine and Duloxetine (how do we get the ox flu out of the city?)

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24
Q

What do SSRI’s treat?

A

Depression, OCD, bulimia, social phobias

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25
Q

What are side effects of SSRI’s?

Serotonin Specific Reuptake Inhibitors

A

GI, sexual dysfunction, Serotonin Syndrome (if combined w/ MAOI’s)

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26
Q

What is Serotonin Syndrome?

A

Too much serotonin at synapse because of combined SSRI and MAOI treatment. Results in hyperthermia, muscle rigiidity, CV collapse, flushing, diarrrhea, seizures

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27
Q

What do SNRI’s treat?

serotonin norepinepherine, reuptake inhibitors

A

Depression, anxiety disorder

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28
Q

What are side effects of SNRI’s?

A

Increased BP, stimulant effects, sedation, nausea

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29
Q

What are the anticonvulsants (epilepsy drugs?)

A

“Phanny is an ugly girl” “

Penytoin, Carbamazepine, Lamotrigine, Phenobarbital, Benzodiazapines, Vigabatrin, Gabapentin, Ethosuxamide, Valproic Acid

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30
Q

What is Phenytoin?

A

Anticonvulsant that stabilizes inactivated Na+ channels, used for all seizures except absence seizures

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31
Q

What are the Side Effects of Phenytoin?

A

megaloblastic anemia, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism, diplopia and nystagmus, lubpus-like symptoms, teratogenesis (Phanny’s ugly side effects)

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32
Q

What is Carbamazepine?

A

Anticonvulsant that stabilizes inactivated Na+ channels, drug of choice for partial seizures

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33
Q

What are the Side Effects of Carbamezepine?

A

ataxia, aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, liver toxicity, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (when phanny eats carbs from a pine)

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34
Q

What is Lamotrignine?

A

Anticonvulsant that stabilizes Na+ channels, generally used w/ other drugs

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35
Q

What are the Side Effects of Lamotrignine?

A

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (Malaise, fever, oral/ocular/genital macules, epidermal necrosis and sloughing)

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36
Q

What is Phenobarbital and what is its mechanism of action?

A

A barbiturate that is an anticonvulsant.

It facilitates GABAA by opening Cl- chanels longer (BarbiDURATe), Great for Pregnant women and children.

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37
Q

What are side effects of Barputurates?

A

sedation, tolerance, dependence, and induction of CYP system, can independently open Cl- channel -> Coma and death, contraindicated in asthmatics/COPD and porphyria, Low TI

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38
Q

What are Benzodiazapines?

A

anticonvulsant, antianxiety, and general anesthetic drugs (diazepam, lorazepam (anything lam or pam)

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39
Q

What are side effects of Benzos?

A

Sedation, tolerance, dependence.

Early AM waking, rebound insomnia, higher TI

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40
Q

What is Vigabatrin?

A

Anticonvulsant that increases GABA action by decresasing GABA degredation

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41
Q

What is Gabapentin

A

Anticonvulsant that blocks Ca2+ channel (not GABA like you’d think)

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42
Q

What is Ethosuxamide?

A

Anticonvulsant that Blocks T-type thalamic Ca2+ channels, used for Absence seizures (it SUX to be Absent from class.)

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43
Q

What is Diazepam?

A

A benzodiazipine used as an anticonvulsant, treats status epilepticus

44
Q

What are the longest acting to shortest acting Barbiturates?

A

Phenobarbital, Secobarbital, Thiobarbital

Phirst, Second, Third

45
Q

What is the fastest acting Benzo?

A

Medazolam

46
Q

What is Flumazenil?

A

Benzo antagonist, used in benzo overdose.

Nothing more antagonizing then driving your benz through a maze when you have the flu.

47
Q

What are non-benzo hypnotics?

A

Zolpidem, Zeleplon, Eszopiclone

They bind at the same site as benzos but just used for sleep and have fewer side effects. (help you get zzzzzz’s)

48
Q

What is Buspirone?

A

An atypical anxiolytic, but it is not a hypnotic, 5-HT agonist (i’m anxious if Ross Perot is on the bus.)

49
Q

What is used most commonly for anxiety?

A

SSRI’s and Benzos

50
Q

What is Chloral hydrate?

A

Other anxiolytic, sedative, metabolized to trichloralethanol (Waves on the Chloral reef put you to sleep)

51
Q

What is Ramelteon?

A

Hypnotic, melatonin agonist (Black Elton John puts you to sleep)

52
Q

What is Baclofen?

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant, GABA agonist in spinal cord and brain (My Dan Bac)

53
Q

What is Dantrolene?

A

Skeletal muscle relaxant, blocks ryanodine Ca2+ channels in sk. muscle. (My Dan Bac)

54
Q

What is Chlorpromazine?

A

Typical Antipsychotic, Low potency phenothiazine, D2 antagonist

55
Q

What is Thioridazine?

A

Typical Antipsychotic, Low potency pehnothiazine, D2 antagonist

56
Q

What are side effects of the low potency antipsychotics (chlorpromazine and thioridazine)?

A

hypotension, sedation, not likely to cause EPS, adrenergic muscarinic and histamine blockade.

57
Q

What is Fluphenazine?

A

Typical antipsychotic, High potency (fly high), D2 antagonist.

58
Q

What is Trifluoperazine?

A

Typical antipsychotic, high potency (fly high), D2 antagonist

59
Q

What are side effects of the high potency typical antipsychotics (fluphenazine and trifluoperazine?)

A

EPS side effects (parkinsonian-like), antiemetic, adrenergic, muscarinic and histamine blockade.

60
Q

What is Haloperidol?

A

High potency typical antipsychotic, First-line treatment for schizophrenia, also used for mania phase of Bipolar Disorder

61
Q

What Valproic Acid?

A

Anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer (used for seizures and bipolar disorder)

62
Q

What are other High potency typical antipsychotics?

A

Thiothixene, Loxapine, Molindone (Thio plays against Malone and Locks the pine.)

63
Q

What are the atypical antipsychotics? What do they do?

A

Sertindole, Olanzapine, Clozapine, Quetiapine, Risperidone. (I’m sertain it’s atypical for old closets to questly risper)
They block 5-HT2 and dopamine receptors, and treat both positive and negative symptoms of Schizo

64
Q

What are side effects of atypical antipsychotics?

A

Less EPS and anticholinergic effects, may cause weight gain, galactorrhea, gynecomastia, or agranulocytosis which requires WBC monitoring (Clozapine)

65
Q

What is Lithium?

A

Mood stabilizer that treats mania in bipolar I,

66
Q

What are side effects of Lithium?

A

Na depletion leads to excess reabsorption of lithium which causes toxicities. (LMNOP) - Movement, Nephrogenic DI, hypOthyroidism, Pregnancy problems.

67
Q

What is Morphine?

A

Opiate analgeic that binds to u and K opiate receptors. It has a high first pass effect (25% bioavailable) All other opiates’ function by being metabolized into morphine

68
Q

What is Heroin?

A

Strong opiate agonist, Better access through BBB

69
Q

What is Methadone?

A

Strong opiate agonist. Used for opiate addiction therapy.

70
Q

What is Meperidine?

A

Strong opiate agonist, less constipation and less effecto on labor

71
Q

What is Fentanyl?

A

Strong opiate agonist, short duration, used in anesthesia for analgesia

72
Q

What is Codeine?

A

Moderate opiate agonist, antitussive (via different mechanism)

73
Q

What is Propoxyphene?

A

mederate opiate agonist

74
Q

What is Diphenoxylate/Loperamide?

A

Mild opiate agonist, Antidiarrheal

75
Q

What is Pentazocine?

A

K agonist and u antagonist, Less addictive than morphine, but precipitates withdrawal in addicts.

76
Q

What is Butorphanol?

A

K-agonist and u-antagonist, Less addictive than morphine but precipitates withdrawal in addicts.

77
Q

What is Buprenorphine?

A

K-agonist and u-antagonist, Less addictive than morphine but precipitates withdrawal in addicts.

78
Q

What is Naloxone?

A

Opiate antagonist, rapid acting and short duration. Used to treat opiate toxicity

79
Q

What is Naltrexone?

A

Opiate antagonist of long duration. Used for addiction treatment

80
Q

What is Procaine/Chloroprocaine?

A

Local anesthetic - injected ester

81
Q

What are opiate side effects?

A

Addiction, respiratory depression, constipation, pinpoint pupils, tolerane (except with miosis and constipation.)

82
Q

What are the local anesthetics?

A

Esters - Procaine, Cocaine, Tetracaine, Benzocaine. (all esters are shorter lasting and more likely to induce hypersensitivity)
Amides - Lidocaine, Bupivicaine

83
Q

What is Tetracaine?

A

Ester local anesthetic, topical and injected, ophthalmic

84
Q

What is Cocaine?

A

Inhaled ester respiratory anesthetic, vasoconstrictive.

85
Q

Benzocaine

A

Ester local anesthetic, used topically for burns

86
Q

Lidocaine

A

Amide local anesthetic

87
Q

Bupivacaine

A

Amide local anesthetic

88
Q

What is Sumatriptan?

A

5-HT(2B/D/F) agonist. Acute treatment of migraine HA and cluster HA. Don’t use in pts w/ CV problems or atherosclerosis.

89
Q

What is Civamide?

A

Used for Propylactic treatment of cluster headaches. TRPV1 desensitizing agonist, blocks Ca2+ channels.

90
Q

What is Methylphenidate?

A

AKA Ritalin, used to treat ADHD, inhibits reuptake of dopamine, less sympathetic side effects

91
Q

What is Acamprosate?

A

Used to treat alcoholism, inhibitws NMDA receptors and stimulates GABA receptors, decreases excitatory stimulation after alcohol withdrawal (see-saw)

92
Q

What is Disulfiram?

A

Antabuse, Used to treat alcoholism, inhibits ALDH enzyme which causes a buildup of acetaldehyde

93
Q

What is Adderall?

A

Amphetamine used to treat ADHD in adults, don’t use in children

94
Q

What is Atomexitine?

A

SNRI used to treat ADHD

95
Q

What is Levadopa?

A

L-Dopa, used to treat Parkinsons, crosses BBB

96
Q

What are Side Effects of Levadopa?

A

arrythmias & tachycardia, nausea, hypotension, psychotic symptoms, tolerance after a few years

97
Q

What is Carbidopa?

A

inhibits peripheral side effects of L-Dopa (doesn’t cross BBB)

98
Q

What is Sinemet?

A

Combination of Levidopa and Carbidopa

99
Q

What are anticholinergics for Parkinsons?

A

Biperadine, Benztropine, Procyclidine, Trihexyphenidyl, Diphenhydramine, Ethopropazine (Joe Biden wants Ben’s trophy)

100
Q

What do the anticholinergics do?

A

Antagonize imbalance in cholinergic activity of PD, Anticholinergic side effects (dry mouth, etc.)

101
Q

What are Dopamine Agonists?

A

Apomorphine, Pergolide, Ropinirole, Pramipexole, Bromocriptine

102
Q

What do the Dopamine Agonists do?

A

Agonize dopamine receptors to treat parkinsons, similar side effects as L-Dopa

103
Q

What is Selegiline?

A

MAO-B inhibitor. It enhances L-Dopa action by inhibiting its breakdown, Also blocks MPTP conversion to MPP

104
Q

What is Tolcapone?

A

COMT inhibitor, Enhances L-dopa action by inhibiting its breakdown. Need to monitor liver function

105
Q

What is reserpine?

A

inhibits packaging of catecholamines including dopamine, produces iatrogenic Parkinsons

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