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PSYCH Chapter 8: Development Across the Life Span Flashcards

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1
Q
  1. In a __________ design, one group of people is followed and assessed at different times as the group ages.

A. Longitudinal

B. Cross-Sectional

C. Cross-Sequential

D. Cross-Longitudinal

A

A. Longitudinal

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 311

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2
Q
  1. The cognitive and social changes students go through because they are born and grow up in an age of smartphones would be referred to as a(n):

A. Experimental Group

B. Control Group

C. Dominance Effect

D. Cohort Effect

A

D. Cohort Effect

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 311

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3
Q
  1. Brandy has naturally blond hair. Based on this information, what do we know about Brandy’s parents?

A. At least one of her parents has a recessive gene for blond hair.

B. Each of her parents must have one recessive gene for blond hair.

C. Each of her parents must have a dominant gene for brown hair.

D. Neither of her parents has a recessive gene for blond hair.

A

B. Each of her parents must have one recessive gene for blond hair.

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 311

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4
Q
  1. When sets of genes group together, the result can be multiple traits expressed as a single dominant trait. This is best explained by the process known as:

A. Dominant Inheritance

B. Recessive Inheritance

C. Polygenetic Inheritance

D. Amines

A

C. Polygenetic Inheritance

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 311

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5
Q
  1. Which of the following is a disorder resulting from recessive inheritance?

A. Turner’s Syndrome

B. Kliefelter’s Syndrome

C. Cystic Fibrosis

D. Down Syndrome

A

C. Cystic Fibrosis

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 311

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6
Q
  1. Which disorder is characterized by having only one X chromosome in the 23rd pairing?

A. Tay-Sachs

B. Turner’s Syndrome

C. Klinefelter’s Syndrome

D. PKU

A

B. Turner’s Syndrome

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 311

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7
Q
  1. Which term best describes Abby and Brittany Hensel?

A. They are monozgotic twins.

B. They are dicephalic twins.

C. They are dizygotic twins.

D. They are technically not twins at all.

A

B. They are dicephalic twins.

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 316

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8
Q
  1. What is the function of the placenta?

A. It helps the zygote to divide.

B. It assists the zygote in its movement towards the uterus.

C. It provides nourishment to the developing baby.

D. It effectively keeps out all teratogens.

A

C. It provides nourishment to the developing baby.

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 316

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9
Q
  1. The 2nd week through the 8th week of pregnancy is commonly referred to as the __________ stage.

A. Fetal

B. Embryonic

C. Placental

D. Germinal

A

B. Embryonic

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 316

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following is one of the most common and can result in a malformed head and brain damage?

A. Alcohol

B. Caffeine

C. Cocaine

D. Mercury

A

A. Alcohol

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 316

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11
Q
  1. When do most miscarriages occur?

A. In the last three months

B. In the first three months

C. After the 5th month

D. In the first week after conception

A

B. In the first three months

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 316

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12
Q
  1. One way researchers study newborn development involves measuring how long infants continue to focus upon a non-changing stimulus. This technique is referred to as:

A. Adaptation

B. Habituation

C. Longitudinal Study

D. A Cross-Sectional Design

A

B. Habituation

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 328

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13
Q
  1. Which of a baby’s senses is the most well developed at birth?

A. Vision

B. Touch

C. Hearing

D. Smell

A

B. Touch

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 328

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14
Q
  1. In which of Piaget’s stages would a child be who has just developed the ability to conserve?

A. Sensorimotor

B. Preoperational

C. Concrete Operations

D. Formal Operations

A

C. Concrete Operations

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 328

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15
Q
  1. Vygotsky defines __________ as the process of helping less as the learner improves at a given task.

A. Scaffolding

B. Habituation

C. Zone of Proximal Development

D. Metamemory

A

A. Scaffolding

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 328

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following tends to occur first in a child’s language development?

A. Telegraphic Speech

B. Babbling

C. A Holophase

D. Cooing

A

D. Cooing

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 328

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17
Q
  1. According to Thomas and Chess, temperament styles often lasts __________ and are often influenced by __________.

A. into early childhood ; the unconscious

B. into early adolescence ; the environment

C. into early adulthood ; family

D. throughout adulthood ; heredity

A

D. throughout adulthood ; heredity

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 334

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18
Q
  1. What kind of attachment, according to Ainsworth, is shown by a baby who clings to his or her mother, gets upset when the mother leaves, and demands to be picked up buy at the same times kicks and pushes her away?

A. Secure

B. Avoidant

C. Ambivalent

D. Disorganized - Disorientated

A

C. Ambivalent

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 334

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19
Q
  1. Studies by Harry Harlow showed that the most important element to developing attachment is:

A. Feeding

B. Physical Contact

C. Mental Challenges

D. Sleep

A

B. Physical Contact

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 334

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20
Q
  1. Baby Lisa is beginning to learn more about herself. When she sees herself in the mirror, she smiles and laughs by no longer needs to touch the mirror or look behind it to find the baby that she sees. Researchers would say that baby Lisa is developing?

A. Trust verses Mistrust

B. Autonomy verses Shame and Doubt

C. Awareness of Herself

D. Her internal identity

A

C. Awareness of Herself

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 334

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21
Q
  1. According to Erikson, which stage results in a sense of independence because of one’s ability to control their own actions?

A. Trust verses Mistrust

B. Autonomy verses Shame and Doubt

C. Initiative verses Guilt

D. Generativity verses Stagnation

A

B. Autonomy verses Shame and Doubt

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 334

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22
Q
  1. Changes in the body of younger boys such as the appearance and growth of body hair is considered:

A. A primary sex characteristic

B. A secondary sex characteristic

C. The final stage of puberty

D. A sign of postconventional morality

A

B. A secondary sex characteristic

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 338

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23
Q
  1. “It can’t happen to me. I’m special.” is a common attitude found in adolescents who have developed:

A. A self-concept

B. An imaginary audience

C. A personal fable

D. A preconventional morality

A

C. A personal fable

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 338

24
Q
  1. According to Kohlberg, about one-fifth of the adult population is at the __________ level of morality.

A. Preconventional

B. Conventional

C. Postconventional

D. Preliminary

A

C. Postconventional

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 338

25
Q
  1. According to Erikson, the task of the adolescent is to:

A. Find a consistent sense of self

B. Develop a sense of initiative

C. Find intimacy with another

D. Develop a sense of industry

A

A. Find a consistent sense of self

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 338

26
Q
  1. If Colin is going to argue and disagree with his parents, which of the following topics will he typically be arguing over:

A. Political beliefs

B. Religious beliefs

C. Social values

D. His taste in clothes

A

D. His taste in clothes

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 338

27
Q
  1. At which age does an adult’s physical senses begin to hit their peak?

A. 20s

B. 30s

C. 40s

D. 50s

A

A. 20s

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 343

28
Q
  1. What is the most frequent cause of death in middle age?

A. accidents

B. stroke

C. excessive risk taking

D. heart disease

A

D. heart disease

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 343

29
Q
  1. As Conrad has gotten older, he finds that it is becoming more difficult to remember certain words or the name of a new acquaintance. What is the most likely explaination for this change in memory?

A. Alzheimer’s disease

B. The aging process

C. Stress

D. Heredity

A

C. Stress

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 343

30
Q
  1. According to Erikson, the primary task of early adulthood:

A. Completing your education

B. Finding a mate

C. Starting a career

D. Taking care of aging parents

A

B. Finding a mate

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 343

31
Q
  1. According to Baumrind, which type of parent would most likely say, “Because I said so” or “It’s my way or the highway!”:

A. Authoritarian

B. Authoritative

C. Permissive Neglectful

D. Permissive Indulgent

A

A. Authoritarian

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 343

32
Q
  1. As William celebrates his 70th birthday, he finds that he is happy with how things have turned out with his life. According to Erikson, William’s life review will cause him:

A. to develop a sense of ego integrity

B. a sense of despair, since such reviews often result in depression

C. to develop an urgency to being new projects

D. to put to writing many of his accomplishments

A

A. to develop a sense of ego integrity

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 343

33
Q
  1. The structures on the ends of chromosomes that shorten each time a cell reproduces are called:

A. Telomeres

B. Collagen

C. Free radicals

D. DNA

A

A. Telomeres

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 345

34
Q
  1. Which theory of aging is compared to the limited number of repairs you can have before your car’s warranty runs out?

A. Wear-and-Tear theory

B. Cellular-Clock theory

C. Free-Radical theory

D. Activity theory

A

B. Cellular-Clock theory

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 345

35
Q
  1. According to research, the reason many older people are no longer involved in their community is because:

A. They are not asked to take part

B. They quite often are unable to take part

C. They do not wish to be involved

D. They die

A

A. They are not asked to take part

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 345

36
Q
  1. What stage might terminally ill patients be in if they refuse to write a last will and testament because they believe that in doing so, they are admitting they will die?

A. Bargaining

B. Anger

C. Depression

D. Denial

A

D. Denial

Chapter 8: Practice Quiz, Page 345

37
Q
  1. The thinking and attitude of many who survived the Depression of the 1930s changed them for the rest of their lives. This would be and example of a:

A. Cohort effect

B. Cultural group

C. Longitudinal group

D. Cross-sequential group

A

A. Cohort effect

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

38
Q
  1. If a person has one gene for blue eyes but actually has brown eyes, blue eyes must be a __________ trait.

A. Dominant

B. Recessive

C. Sex-linked

D. Polygenic

A

B. Recessive

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

39
Q
  1. In __________ syndrome, the 23rd pair of chromosomes consist of an XXY pairing, resulting in reduced masculine characteristics and excessive height.

A. PKU

B. Down

C. Klinefelter’s

D. Turner’s

A

C. Klinefelter’s

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

40
Q
  1. Which of the following represents the fertilization process for monozygotic twins?

A. One egg is fertilized by two different sperm

B. One egg splits and is then fertilized by two different sperm

C. One egg is fertilized by one sperm and splits

D. Two eggs are fertilized by the same sperm

A

C. One egg is fertilized by one sperm and splits

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

41
Q
  1. What part of an infants’s body is said to stay in an immature state until needed to produce more cells?

A. Uterus

B. Stem cells

C. Umbilical cord

D. Placenta

A

B. Stem cells

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

42
Q
  1. Based on today’s science and medicine, when does the age of viability begin?

A. between 8 and 12 weeks

B. between 12 and 18 weeks

C. between 22 and 26 weeks

D. between 28 and 36 weeks

A

C. between 22 and 26 weeks

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

43
Q
  1. Dr. Kahn measures how long baby Lydia looks at particular stimulus. The technique is known as:

A. Preferential looking

B. Dishabituation

C. Habituation

D. Stimulus discrimination

A

A. Preferential looking

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

44
Q
  1. At what age can the typical infant roll over?

A. 2 months

B. 5 weeks

C. 8 months

D. 12 months

A

A. 2 months

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

45
Q
  1. Studies of the infant brain show signs of what scientists call synaptic pruning. What occurs during this process?

A. The brain creates additional neural connections by removing parts of the surrounding bone.

B. Unused synaptic connections and nerve cells are cleared out to make way for new cells.

C. New cells work to “rewrite” old cells and ultimately change their functioning.

D. New cells will not develop until the body makes sufficient physical space within the brain.

A

B. Unused synaptic connections and nerve cells are cleared out to make way for new cells.

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

46
Q
  1. In which part of Piaget’s stages does the child become capable of understanding conversation?

A. Sensorimotor

B. Preoperational

C. Formal operations

D. Concrete operations

A

D. Concrete operations

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

47
Q
  1. Monique says, “milk” when she wants her milk from the kitchen counter. Subsequently, she says, “milk” asfter she has had a drink. Using a single phrase to mean different things is an example of:

A. Telephrase

B. Private speech

C. Holophase

D. Public speech

A

C. Holophase

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

48
Q
  1. Which of the following is a myth regarding immunizations?

A. Most immunizations are made up of dead viruses.

B. If all the other children in school are immunized, there is really no harm in not immunizing one’s own child.

C. Vaccines work up to 99 percent of cases.

D. Only in rare cases do immunizations trigger seizures.

A

B. If all the other children in school are immunized, there is really no harm in not immunizing one’s own child.

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

49
Q
  1. In the Strange Situation, __________ babies would cry when their mother left the room but were happy upon their return.

A. Secure

B. Avoidant

C. Ambivalent

D. Disorganized - Disorientated

A

A. Secure

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

50
Q
  1. What is a new explanation as to why teenagers and young adults may engage in risky and dangerous behavior?

A. Such behavior is due to the tremendous pressure applied by peers

B. Such behaviors is actually hereditary

C. Such behaviors may be due to unbalanced levels of hormones in the body

D. Such behaviors may be due to the incomplete development of the prefrontal cortex

A

D. Such behaviors may be due to the incomplete development of the prefrontal cortex

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

51
Q
  1. Samantha enters a classroom where two students are talking. When they stop their discussion, Samantha is certain that they must have been talking about her. Such a belief is an example of:

A. The imaginary audience

B. The personal fable

C. Abstract egocentrism

D. Formal operations

A

A. The imaginary audience

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

52
Q
  1. What cognitive changes occurring during middle adulthood are most noticeable?

A. Changes in memory begin to occur

B. Problem-solving skills diminish

C. Hearing begins to decline

D. Hair begins to turn grey

A

A. Changes in memory begin to occur

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

53
Q
  1. Independence and self-reliance in the teenage years is the most likely due to __________ parenting.

A. Authoritarian

B. Authoritative

C. Permissive neglectful

D. Permissive indulgent

A

B. Authoritative

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

54
Q
  1. The crisis of late adulthood, according to Erikson, is:

A. Identity Versus Role Confusion

B. Generativity Versus Stagnation

C. Intimacy Versus Isolation

D. Integrity Versus Despair

A

D. Integrity Versus Despair

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

55
Q
  1. Which theory of aging states that unstable oxygen molecules tend to steal electrons as they bounce around. thus causing damage to surrounding cells?

A. Cellular-Clock theory

B. Wear-and-Tear theory

C. Free-Radical theory

D. Activity theory

A

C. Free-Radical theory

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

56
Q
  1. Kip is worried that he is losing his mind because he finds himself angry at a friend who died in an automobile accident. Based on Kubler-Ross’ research, what might you tell him.

A. Anger of this type is self-destructive and unhealthy

B. Anger is usually a mask to your true feelings of sadness

C. Anger towards a deceased individual is simply not normal and may require psychological counseling

D. Anger is a normal reaction to death and not a sign of mental illness

A

D. Anger is a normal reaction to death and not a sign of mental illness

Chapter 8: Test Yourself, Pages 349 - 351

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