psych ch 6.1

Question 1

In contrast to classical and operant ___________________, in which learning occurs only through direct experience, ___________________learning is the process of watching others and then imitating what they do.

Answer 1

conditioning; observational

Question 2

The researcher best known for studies that explored classical conditioning

Answer 2

physiologist Ivan Pavlov

Question 3

In Pavlov’s research, the term “conditioned” is approximately synonymous with the word ________.

Answer 3

learned

Question 4

Operant conditioning, classical conditioning, latent learning and observational learning all

Answer 4

deal with respondent behavior

Question 5

A type of learning in which behavior is strengthened if followed by a reinforcer or diminished if followed by a punisher.

Answer 5

Operant conditioning

Question 6

Through direct experience with animals, we come to anticipate that dogs will bark and that birds will chirp. This best illustrates:

Answer 6

associative learning

Question 7

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and a joey (baby kangaroo) moving to its mother’s pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

Answer 7

instincts

Question 8

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

Answer 8

learning

Question 9

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

Answer 9

associative

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of reflex?

Answer 10

a baby turning its head to suckle when its cheek is stroked