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psych 1000 > psych ch 2 > Flashcards

psych ch 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

startegies to understand human behavior (3)

A

experience, intuition, patterns

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2
Q

psychologist empiricists have no

A

opinions, beliefs, common sense

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3
Q

psychologist epiricists process

A

basing confidence in idea of systematic observations of world, research studies

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4
Q

theory data cycle

A

process scientists collect data to confirm/deny theory

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5
Q

theory data cycle path

A

theory, hypothesis, design, data, compare

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6
Q

what happens if theory data does not support idea

A

redesign study, reject theory

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7
Q

variable

A

something of interest that varies

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8
Q

dependent variable

A

being measured

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9
Q

independent variable

A

namipulated, control

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10
Q

self report

A

rating on scale, interview/survey

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11
Q

direct observation

A

observe record occurence of behavior

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12
Q

operationalized definition

A

specific way to measure/mani variable

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13
Q

descriptive research

A

one variable studied at a time

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14
Q

self report method

A

rep random sample of larger pop

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15
Q

benefits of self report

A

low cost, qick, large data

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16
Q

cons of self report

A

not accurate, only ask certain questions

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17
Q

observational method

A

measure variable by observing/recording what people do

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18
Q

naturalistic observe

A

watch in normal everyday enviro

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19
Q

big data

A

large data sets acquired w technology to conduct research

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20
Q

pro and con of observational method

A

longer time, more accurate

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21
Q

case study

A

study 1/2 individuals in depth, often unique conditions

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22
Q

pros of case study

A

theoretical insights, research inspirations, study rare phenomena

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23
Q

cons of case study

A

don’t generalize to public, time consuming, no control group

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24
Q

correlational studies

A

measure 2+ variables in same sample of people, observes relationship

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25
Q

positive scatterplot

A

increase and decrease together

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26
Q

negative scatterplot

A

one up one down

27
Q

stronger relationship means better

A

predictions

28
Q

causation

A

2+ var correlated, no alt reasoning

29
Q

third variable problem

A

alternative reasoning for correlation pattern

30
Q

experimental research

A

variables measured and manipulated, provides causation

31
Q

random sampling

A

random group out of bigger pop

32
Q

random assignment

A

seperates random sample into control and placebo group

33
Q

within subject alt

A

each subject serves as own control

34
Q

validity

A

appropriateness of conclusion

35
Q

construct validity

A

hwo accurately operationalization in study capture variable of interest

36
Q

reliability

A

measure yields consistent results each time administered

37
Q

procedural fidelity

A

how well ind variable manipulated as planned

38
Q

external validity

A

degree at whihc it is reasonable to generalize from studys same to pop of interest

39
Q

internal validity

A

rule out alternative explainations of relationship with 2+ variables

40
Q

statistics

A

analyze numbers, relationships

41
Q

stat examples

A

mean median mode standard deviation

42
Q

correlation scale

A

0-1

43
Q

weak correlation

A

.1

44
Q

medium correlation

A

.3

45
Q

strong correlation

A

.5+

46
Q

experimental scale ( Cohens D)

A

mean differences/SD

47
Q

small effect size

A

.2

48
Q

medium effect size

A

.5

49
Q

large effect size

A

.8+

50
Q

inferentional statistics

A

estimate whether results rep true relationship or dif in pop

51
Q

null hypothesis

A

assumes no relationship

52
Q

meta analysis

A

average of all studies testing same variable

53
Q

instituional review board

A

local panel that determines if study lives up to communities ethical standards

54
Q

core ethical standards

A

autonomy, beneficiance, justice

55
Q

autonomy

A

decide to participate or not

56
Q

beneficiance

A

benefits outweigh risks

57
Q

justice

A

participants represent population who benefitsi

58
Q

institutional animal care and use committee

A

committee the reviews proposals for animal research

59
Q

guiding principles for animal research

A

replacement, refinement, reduction

60
Q

replacement

A

fins other alt for animals when possible

61
Q

refinement

A

modify procedures to minimize animal distress

62
Q

reduction

A

use fewest animals possible

63
Q

using animals support animal

A

welfare but not animal rights

64
Q

animal rights supporters

A

believe animals should not be in research, can’t give consent and not benefitted from

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