Psych and cognitive disorders (ch 10) COPY Flashcards
what is echopraxia?
the meaningless imitation of another person’s movements.
what is catatonia?
immobility or rigidity.
what is stereotypy?
the repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech (ex. echolalia).
what is psychomotor agitation?
excessive motor and cognitive activity, usually nonproductive and in response to inner tension.
what is hyperactivity?
restless, sometimes aggressive, or destructive activity, often associated with brain pathology.
what is psychomotor retardation?
decreased or slowed motor and cognitive activity.
what is aggression?
forceful, angry, or destructive speech or behavior
what is akathisia?
the state of restlessness characterized by an urgent need for movement, usually as a side effect of medication.
what is ataxia?
the irregularity or failure of muscle coordination upon movement.
what is circumstantiality?
speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive/irrelevant details
what is tangentiality?
the abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic.
what is perseveration?
a persistent focus on a previous topic or behavior after a new topic or behavior has been introduced
what is flight of ideas?
rapid shifts in thoughts from one idea to another.
what is thought blocking?
the interruption of a thought process before it is carried through to completion.
what is loosening of associations?
a disorder of the logical progression of thoughts where seemingly unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one subject to another.
what are delusions?
false beliefs about external reality without an appropriate stimulus that cannot be explained by the individual’s intelligence or cultural background.
what are compulsions?
a need to act on specific impulses to relieve associated anxiety.
what are obsessions?
a persistent thought or feeling that cannot be eliminated by logical thought.
what is concrete thinking?
characterized by actual things, events, and immediate experience; the inability to think abstractly.
what is pressured speech?
rapid and increased in amount. may be difficult to understand and/or interrupt.
what is poverty of speech?
limited in amount; i.e. one word answers to questions
what is poverty of content?
speech that is adequate in amount but conveys little info due to vagueness, lack of specificity, and limited detail.
what is nonspontaneous speech?
consist of responses that are given only when spoken to directly.
what is stuttering?
repetition or prolongation of sounds or syllables.
what is perseveration?
continued, persistent repetition of a word or phrase, often in response to different stimuli or different questions.
what is expressive aphasia? (aka ______)
aka Broca’s aphasia… a disturbance in which the individual knows what he wants to say, but cannot say it.
what is receptive aphasia? (aka______)
aka Wernicke’s aphasia… an organic loss of the individual’s ability to comprehend what has been said to him.
what is nominal aphasia?
inability to name objects
what is global aphasia?
involves all forms of aphasia
what are hallucinations?
false sensory perceptions that are not in response to an external stimulus. Often referred to clinically as “responding to internal stimuli.”
what are illusions?
misperceptions or misinterpretations of real sensory events.
what is agnosia?
inability to understand and interpret significance of sensory input. Visual agnosia is the inability to recognize people and objects.
what is astereognosis?
inability to identify objects through touch
what is apraxia?
inability to carry out specific motor tasks in the absence of sensory or motor impairment.
what is adiadochokinesia?
inability to perform rapidly alternating movements.
what is depersonalization?
subjective sensation of unreality about oneself or the environment
what is derealization?
a subjective sense that the environment is unreal.
what is fugue?
a state of serious depersonalization, often involving travel or relocation, in which the individual takes on a new identity with amnesia for his old identity.
what is dissociative identity disorder?
the appearance that an individual has developed two or more distinct personalities.
dissociation involves…
the separation of a group of mental or behavioral processes from the rest of the person’s psychic activity. May involve separating an idea from its emotional tone.
what is immediate memory?
ability to recall material within seconds or minutes, aka “short term memory”
what is recent memory?
the ability to recall events of the past few days
what is recent past memory?
the ability to recall events of the past few months.
what is remote memory?
ability to recall events of the distant past, aka “long term memory”
what is procedural memory?
automatic sequence of behavior such as conditioned responses.
what is declarative memory?
recall specific to consciously learned facts, such as school subjects.
what is semantic memory?
knowing the meaning of words and the ability to classify information
what is episodic memory
the knowledge of one’s personal experiences