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Psych > Psych across the lifecourse > Flashcards

Psych across the lifecourse Flashcards

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1
Q

What sort of approach do you take when assessing child mental health?

A

Systemic - focus on relationships, social context of school and family. NO drugs to assess psychological activity

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2
Q

What factors may lead to an impact on child mental health?

A

Predisposing Factors (genes) - risk
Precipitating Factors (stress) - triggers
Perpetuating Factors (bullying) - problem fuel
Protective Factors (coping and resilience teaching) - reduce likelihood

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3
Q

What is the staging tool for assessing child psychological development?

A

Erikson’s Stages of Psychological Development - shows the main problems associated with each age group (eg trust for an infant)
Shows that psychological development continues into late adulthood

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4
Q

How can adolescence lead to a period of neural imbalance?

A

Early maturation of subcortical brain areas whereas maturation of prefrontal control areas are delayed - associated with sensory and motor tasks

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5
Q

What is somatisation?

A

Psychological distress manifesting as physical symptoms

Body Distress Disorder (pain) - recurrent pain with no physical cause

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6
Q

Ego-dystonic thoughts

A

Unpleasant thoughts, conflicting with self image

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7
Q

Ego-syntonic thoughts

A

enjoyable thoughts, compatible with core values

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8
Q

Anorexia vs Bulimia

A

B - normal, slightly overweight patients
A - 15% underweight
both involve a cycle of binging and purging

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9
Q

What is the diagnostic criteria used for ADHD diagnosis?

A

DSM-5 Criteria

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10
Q

What are some of the features mentioned in the DSM-5 Criteria for ADHD?

A

Persistent pattern of inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity for at least 6 months,
impacting their function or development in multiple environmental settings
symptoms start before age 12

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11
Q

What is the evidence for the genetic risk factors for ADHD?

A

First degree relatives have a higher ADHD diagnostic probability (4-5x)
Boys:Girls 2-3:1

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12
Q

What are some of the environmental risk factors for ADHD development?

A

Premature birth, Low birth weight, Prenatal smoking exposure

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13
Q

How many cases of ADHD last into adulthood

A

50 % of cases persist into adulthood

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14
Q

Dementia

A

Chronic brain failure due to irreversible and progressive changes
post mortem diagnosis, usually of mixed pathology

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15
Q

What are some reversible causes of dementia?

A

Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Subdural Haematoma, Depression, Delirium, hypothyroidism, deficiency

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16
Q

Wha are some of the clinical features of a normal pressure hydrocephalus?

A

Hakim-Adams Triad -
cognitive impairment,
urinary incontinence,
gait disturbance (magnetic gait - cannot lift feet off floor)

17
Q

Normal pressure hydrocephalus CT scan features

A

Abnormally large ventricles due to being filled with CSF. Draining the fluid can reverse symptoms and improve the condition.
Atrophy at the edges of the cerebrum

18
Q

What are some complications from dementia leading to death?

A

Falls
Decreased eating/drinking
loss of basic drive
aspiration pneumonia due to decrease in swallow mechanism

19
Q

What are the clinical features of mild dementia?

A

Can live independently with support
Problem Solving and Planning impaired
No social judgement impairment

20
Q

What are the clinical features of moderate dementia?

A

Simple household tasks possible
Memory loss and problem solving impairment
Social judgement impairment
Difficult communication

21
Q

What are the clinical features of severe dementia?

A

Behavioural and psychological complications
Fully dependent
Severe memory impairment and disorientation
Urinary and faecal incontinence

22
Q

What is BPSD, with examples?

A

Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms in Dementia - apathy, mood disturbances, hallucinations, agitation

23
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Short term memory loss
due to degeneration starting in the hippocampus which is responsible for converting short term memory to long term

24
Q

Assessment of dementia

A

Bloods, MSE, cognitive assessment, neuroimaging

25
Q

What values for the MMSE show signs of concern?

A

Mini-Mental State Examination: <25 cause of concern // 10-20 need urgent support

Psych (9 decks)

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