Psych

Question 1

role exit

Answer 1

an individual disengages from a social role and oftentimes replaces it with a new role

Question 2

who proposed the general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 2

hans selye

Question 3

desensitization in terms of cognitive behavioral therapy

Answer 3

desensitization is a treatment or process that diminishes emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it.

Question 4

mantra

Answer 4

short saying or thought

Question 5

appraisal theory

Answer 5

one’s appraisal (evaluation) of a stimulus determines one’s emotional response

Question 6

visual acuity

Answer 6

image sharpness and clarity

Question 7

do rods or cones operate better in dim light? bright light?

Answer 7

dim: rods
bright: cones

Question 8

are cones or rods better at detecting motion?

Answer 8

rods

Question 9

describe the aspects of flashbulb memory

Answer 9

vivid, detailed autobiographical explicit memory for an event that was extremely emotional, distinct, or significant. Vivid, confident memory that is detailed and overconfident about it.

Question 10

in operant conditioning, is reinforcement or punishment more effective?

Answer 10

reinforcement

Question 11

what is the best reinforcement technique to train animals to learn a new behavior?

Answer 11

continuous reinforcement

Question 12

partial reinforcement schedules are best when _____

Answer 12

the animal has already learned the behavior through continuous reinforcement.

Question 13

when conducting an experiment to determine the absolute threshold of detection of a stimulus, do you measure detection or non-detection

Answer 13

detection

Question 14

what did Mead do, Goffman, Cooley?

Answer 14

Mead: symbolic interactionism, I vs. Me
Cooley: looking glass self
Goffman: dramaturgical approach

Question 15

With respect to the world nations theory, which nations export resources and which nations export goods?

Answer 15

resources: periphery
goods: core

Question 16

what are the pros and cons of McDonalidization

Answer 16

efficiency produces optimization at the cost of individuality
calculability produces high quantities at the cost of quality
predictability produces standardization at the cost of uniqueness
control increases automation, reducing the need for a skilled workforce

Question 17

ethnography

Answer 17

a qualitative method for the scientific study of human phenomena. study people in their own communities and give info about culture, behavior, norms, and values in a given geographic area.

Question 18

sects are formed _____

Answer 18

after believers split from an established church, often in pursuit of a more pure or traditional form of faith

Question 19

what is an aggregate?

Answer 19

collection of individuals who share a common location but who do not identify as a group (people at the street corner)

Question 20

fundamentalism with respect to religion

Answer 20

renewed commitment to traditional religion as a reaction to secularization

Question 21

modernization vs. secularization

Answer 21

modernization: reduced importance of religion as society industrializes
secularization: reduced power of religion as religious involvement declines

Question 22

religiosity

Answer 22

the extent to which a religion is internalized and incorporated into an individual’s life

Question 23

power vs. authority

Answer 23

power: the ability to control and influence others
authority: whether others believe that power to be legitimate

Question 24

apathy as a negative symptom

Answer 24

lack of motivation (interest or concern)

Question 25

according to _____, cognition and language merge at middle age

Answer 25

Vygotsky

Question 26

explain the role of acquisition in classical conditioning

Answer 26

the pairing of the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus

Question 27

negative reinforcement

Answer 27

reduction in undesirable stimulus increases behavior

OCD: washing hands a lot reduces anxiety

Question 28

desensitization is closely related to what approach by a therapist?

Answer 28

cognitive-behavioral therapy

Question 29

emotions and reflexes are part of what memory?

Answer 29

implicit memory

Question 30

what are the pros and cons of the division of labor

Answer 30

pros: increases efficiency, reduces cost
cons: people get bored, leads to decreased quality, can lead to exploitation of labor

Question 31

malthusian population growth

Answer 31

when the population grows so fast the resources cannot keep up
preventative check: voluntarily decrease birth weight
positive check: involuntary increase of the death rate

Question 32

age-specific fertility rate

Answer 32

describes the number of live births per year per 1000 women

Question 33

rank taboo, more, and folkway from least to most important

Answer 33

folkway < more < taboo

Question 34

interactionist theory of language development

Answer 34

both innate and biological

Question 35

stereotype boost

Answer 35

when positive stereotypes about social groups cause improved performance

Question 36

is a master status ascribed or achieved?

Answer 36

could be either

Question 37

primary vs. secondary deviance

Answer 37

part of labeling theory
first act is primary deviance and then once labeled a certain way this makes one susceptible to perform another act of deviance (secondary deviance)

Question 38

what 3 parts is the brainstem split into?

Answer 38

midbrain, pons, medulla

from top to bottom

Question 39

fasciculations

Answer 39

involuntary twitches in skeletal muscle

Question 40

what do mechanoreceptors detect?

Answer 40

touch, position, vibration

Question 41

do nerves connected to mechanoreceptors or nocireceptors and thermoreceptors have a larger diameter?

Answer 41

mechanoreceptors

mechanoreceptors are also more myelinated and travel faster