Psych Flashcards
role exit
an individual disengages from a social role and oftentimes replaces it with a new role
who proposed the general adaptation syndrome?
hans selye
desensitization in terms of cognitive behavioral therapy
desensitization is a treatment or process that diminishes emotional responsiveness to a negative, aversive or positive stimulus after repeated exposure to it.
mantra
short saying or thought
appraisal theory
one’s appraisal (evaluation) of a stimulus determines one’s emotional response
visual acuity
image sharpness and clarity
do rods or cones operate better in dim light? bright light?
dim: rods
bright: cones
are cones or rods better at detecting motion?
rods
describe the aspects of flashbulb memory
vivid, detailed autobiographical explicit memory for an event that was extremely emotional, distinct, or significant. Vivid, confident memory that is detailed and overconfident about it.
in operant conditioning, is reinforcement or punishment more effective?
reinforcement
what is the best reinforcement technique to train animals to learn a new behavior?
continuous reinforcement
partial reinforcement schedules are best when _____
the animal has already learned the behavior through continuous reinforcement.
when conducting an experiment to determine the absolute threshold of detection of a stimulus, do you measure detection or non-detection
detection
what did Mead do, Goffman, Cooley?
Mead: symbolic interactionism, I vs. Me
Cooley: looking glass self
Goffman: dramaturgical approach
With respect to the world nations theory, which nations export resources and which nations export goods?
resources: periphery
goods: core
what are the pros and cons of McDonalidization
efficiency produces optimization at the cost of individuality
calculability produces high quantities at the cost of quality
predictability produces standardization at the cost of uniqueness
control increases automation, reducing the need for a skilled workforce
ethnography
a qualitative method for the scientific study of human phenomena. study people in their own communities and give info about culture, behavior, norms, and values in a given geographic area.
sects are formed _____
after believers split from an established church, often in pursuit of a more pure or traditional form of faith
what is an aggregate?
collection of individuals who share a common location but who do not identify as a group (people at the street corner)
fundamentalism with respect to religion
renewed commitment to traditional religion as a reaction to secularization
modernization vs. secularization
modernization: reduced importance of religion as society industrializes
secularization: reduced power of religion as religious involvement declines
religiosity
the extent to which a religion is internalized and incorporated into an individual’s life
power vs. authority
power: the ability to control and influence others
authority: whether others believe that power to be legitimate
apathy as a negative symptom
lack of motivation (interest or concern)
according to _____, cognition and language merge at middle age
Vygotsky
explain the role of acquisition in classical conditioning
the pairing of the neutral stimulus and unconditioned stimulus
negative reinforcement
reduction in undesirable stimulus increases behavior
OCD: washing hands a lot reduces anxiety
desensitization is closely related to what approach by a therapist?
cognitive-behavioral therapy
emotions and reflexes are part of what memory?
implicit memory
what are the pros and cons of the division of labor
pros: increases efficiency, reduces cost
cons: people get bored, leads to decreased quality, can lead to exploitation of labor
malthusian population growth
when the population grows so fast the resources cannot keep up
preventative check: voluntarily decrease birth weight
positive check: involuntary increase of the death rate
age-specific fertility rate
describes the number of live births per year per 1000 women
rank taboo, more, and folkway from least to most important
folkway < more < taboo
interactionist theory of language development
both innate and biological
stereotype boost
when positive stereotypes about social groups cause improved performance
is a master status ascribed or achieved?
could be either
primary vs. secondary deviance
part of labeling theory
first act is primary deviance and then once labeled a certain way this makes one susceptible to perform another act of deviance (secondary deviance)
what 3 parts is the brainstem split into?
midbrain, pons, medulla
from top to bottom
fasciculations
involuntary twitches in skeletal muscle
what do mechanoreceptors detect?
touch, position, vibration
do nerves connected to mechanoreceptors or nocireceptors and thermoreceptors have a larger diameter?
mechanoreceptors
mechanoreceptors are also more myelinated and travel faster
