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CP2 > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Define Psychosis

A

Mismatch between reality and patients perception

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2
Q

What’s the difference between Hallucination and Illusion

A

Hallucination is perception without a stimulus whereas illusion is incorrect perception of a real stimulus

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3
Q

Define Delusion

A

A fixed unshakeable belief that is out of line with cultural norms

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4
Q

What are the auditory First rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Third person auditory hallucinations
running commentary
Thoughts spoken aloud

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5
Q

Name 5 First rank symptoms (non auditory)

A 
Thought withdrawal,
Thought insertion
Somatic hallucinations
Delusional perception
Passivity Phenomena
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6
Q

In what peoples is psychosis more prevalent

A 
Lower Ses
Immigrants 
Afro-caribbeans
Males
Unmarried peoples
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7
Q

Name two developmental factors in the onset of schizophrenia.

A

Complications later in birth

Maternal influenza infection

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8
Q

What brain abnormalities can be resent in schizophrenia

A

Ventricular enlargement

Reduced brain size (frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus and amygdala)

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9
Q

In terms of brain physiology what can potentiate schizophrenia.

A

Overactive mesolimbic dopamine

Drugs can potentiate this pathway

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10
Q

What is expressed emotion

A

Over criticism from family or friends

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11
Q

Which has more negative symptoms Chronic or Acute schizophrenia

A

Chronic,

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12
Q

What is a pseudohallucination

A

A hallucination from the patients ‘inner eye’

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13
Q

What is the difference between a Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucination

A

Hypnagogic –> Falling asleep

Hypnopompic –> Waking up

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14
Q

What is a hygric hallucination

A

A hallucination of water or fluid in or outside the body

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15
Q

What is Echolalia, Palilalia?

A

A) repeating words or phrases spoken

B) Repeating the last word of a sentence

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16
Q

Which drugs can produce reality distortion (name 3)

A 
Dopamine agonists (amphetamine / cocaine)
Serotonin 5HT2 agonists such as LSD
Glutamatergic blockers (ket)
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17
Q

What are the 4 A’s of schizophrenia

A

Allogia, Avolition, Affective flattening, Anhedonia

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18
Q

What are the 2 age peaks for schizophrenia

A

20 and 33

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19
Q

What are 3 genes possibly responsible for schizophrenia

A

Polymorphisms in ZNF804A
22q11 deletion
SETD1A

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20
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Schizophrenic and affective symptoms come at the same time and equally prominent

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21
Q

What is delusional disorder?

A

Non bizarre delusions, absence of prominent hallucinations, no thought disorder, flattening or affect.

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22
Q

What are Acute and transient psychotic disorders

A

Sudden onset, preceded by acute stressor, associated with certain personality types

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23
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of depression

A

Depressed mood or irritable mood
Anhedonia
Avolition

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24
Q

Name 4 Biological symptoms of depression

A 
insomnia,
Appetite changes
fatigue 
constipation
pain
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25
Q

What is somatic syndrome?

A

The biological symptoms of depression

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26
Q

What hallucination tend to be more common in depression

A

Second person auditory Hallucinations (accusatory or defamatory)

Olfactory Hallucinations- Rotting/ decomposing

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27
Q

How would you differentiate between mild moderate and severe depression in terms of number of symptoms.

A

Mild: 2/3 core symptoms + 1 additional
Moderate 2/3 core symptoms + 2/3 additional =6
Severe 3/3 core symptoms + additional symptoms = 8

28
Q

What are three indications for ECT?

A

Catatonia
Severe Depression
Mania in bipolar

29
Q

What are two examples of SNRIs

A

Venlafaxine, Nortiptyline

30
Q

What is a potentially fatal effect of MAOIs

A

Serotonin syndrome, (Tyramine)

31
Q

What is needed in terms of episodes for Bipolar I or Bipolar II

A

Bipolar I- At least one Manic (or mixed) episodes

Bipolar One hypo manic and one depressive episode

32
Q

What are the differences between mania and hypomania

A

Mania: More persistent, (over 1 week) VS hypomania is over 4 days
Marked impairment in mania VS can still complete projects in hypomaina.
Mania- Psychosis may be present VS hypomania psychosis not be present.

33
Q

What are three forms of treatment for bipolar maina, (3/5)

A

Atypical antipsychotic Medication: Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole

Antiepileptic Medication: Valporate, Carbamazepine,

Lithium

Stop Antidepressants

May use Benzodiazepines

34
Q

Name the treatment for bipolar depression

A

Atypical antipsychotic Medication: Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole

Antiepileptic Medications: Lamotrigine,

Lithium

Antidepressant medication.

Neuromodulation- ECT, rTMS

35
Q

Name the treatment for bipolar maintenance

A

Atypical antipsychotic Medicaiton

Antiepileptic medication

lithium

psycho education

psychotherapies

36
Q

Whats the difference between discrete vs diffuse social anxiety disorder

A

Discrete- Restricted to eating in public, public speaking or talking to other sex,

Diffuse everything except family circles

37
Q

What is Panic disorder

A

Recurrent, unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety not restricted to any situation

38
Q

What is generalised anxiety disorder?

A

Generalised and persistent anxiety but not restricted to any circumstances- Free floating anxiety

39
Q

Define Antecedent

A

Exceptionally threatening or catastrophic traumatic event likely to cause pervasive distress in anyone

40
Q

How long is the latency period in PTSD?

A

Weeks to months, rarely exceeds six months.

41
Q

Whats an example of a 5HT partial agonist int he treatment of anxiety.

A

Buspirone

42
Q

Which is a sort life and which is long life, Lorazepam VS diazepam

A

Loazepam -short

Diazepam- Long

43
Q

What is the weight of people with anorexia nervosa,

A

<15% expected bodyweight

BMI <17.5

44
Q

Whats the difference between Ego-syntonic and ego-dystonic symptoms

A

Ego-syntonic - Don’t usually cause distress to the patient

Ego-Dystonic - Usually cause distress to the patient

45
Q

What is EMDR (eye movement …..)

A

Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Pt recalls experience while being fixed on a moving finger in front of them

46
Q

What is an acute stress reaction?

A

A brief response >3 days but <1 month,

Anxiety, depression, insomnia, denial, avoidance,

47
Q

What is adjustment disorder?

A

Psychological reaction to adapting to new set of circumstances.

Starts within 3 months of stressful events,
aggression, palpitations, anxiety, depression, impaired social functioning, alcohol abuse.

48
Q

What is the triad of PTSD symptoms

A

Hyperarousal,
Re-experiencing
Avoidance

49
Q

What are the hallmarks of a dysfunctional personality

A

Pervasive- occurs in all area of life
Persistent- evidence from adolescence and carries on to adulthood
Pathological - causes distress to self or others. Impairs function.

50
Q

What are Cluster A personality disorders

A

Schizoid, Paranoid, Schizotypical

51
Q

What are cluster B personality disorders?

A

Antisocial
Histrionic
Borderline
Narcissistic

52
Q

What are cluster C personality disorders?

A

obsessive compulsive
Anxious
Dependant

53
Q

What does SUSPECT stand for in regards to paranoid personality disorder

A 
Sensitive
Unforgiving
Suspicious
Possessive and jealous
Excessive self- importance
Conspiracy theories
Tenacious sense of rights
54
Q

What does ALL ALONE stand for in regard to schizoid personality disorder

A 
Anhedonia
Limited Emotional range
Little sexual interest
Apparent indifference to praise or criticism 
Lack of close relationships
one-player games
Normal social conventions ignored
Excessive fantasy world
55
Q

What does FIGHTS stand for in regards to dissocial personality disorder

A 
Forms but cant maintain relationships
Irresponsible 
Guiltless
Heartless
Temper easily lost 
Someone else's fault
56
Q

What are the two types of Emotionally unstable personality disorder

A

Borderline type

Impulsive type

57
Q

What does SCARS stand for in relation to borderline type EUPD

A 
Self imagine unclear
Chronic "empty feelings"
Abandonment fears
Relationships are intense and unstable
Suicide attempts and self harm
58
Q

What does LOSE IT stand for in regards to impulsive type EUPD

A 
Lacks impulse control
Outbursts or threats of violence
Sensitivity of being criticised
Emotional instability
Inability to plan ahead
Thoughtless of consequences
59
Q

What does ACTORS stand for in regards to Histrionic personality disorder?

A 
Attention seeking
Concerned with own appearance
Theatrical
Open to suggestion
Racy or seductive
Shallow affect
60
Q

What does DETAILED stand for in regards to Anankastic personality disorder

A 
Doubtful 
Excessive detail 
Tasks not completed
Adheres to rules
Inflexible
Likes own way
Excludes pleasure and relationships
Dominated by intrusive thoughts
61
Q

Name 4 core features of dependence syndrome

A

Primacy
Continued use despite negative consequences
Loss of control of consumption
Narrowing of repertoire
rapid reinstatement of dependant use after abstinence
Tolerance and withdrawal

62
Q

What is an early indicator of autism in children

A

Stacking toys

63
Q

What is the name of the stimulant medication used for ADHD

A

Methylphenidate (stimulants)
-Ritalin, Converta
Atomoxetine (non stimulant)

64
Q

What are the psychological and social treatments for ADHD

A

Psychological
-Parenting course

Social
-Liaison with education

65
Q

What is the name of the guidelines and competency regarding capacity in under 16s

A

Gillick competency
and
Fraser guidelines

66
Q

What is Conner’s rating scales

A

Observer rated questionnaire for ADHD

67
Q

What number IQ is considered sub average intellectual functioning

A

<70

CP2 (3 decks)

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