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Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Define Psychosis

A

Mismatch between reality and patients perception

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2
Q

What’s the difference between Hallucination and Illusion

A

Hallucination is perception without a stimulus whereas illusion is incorrect perception of a real stimulus

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3
Q

Define Delusion

A

A fixed unshakeable belief that is out of line with cultural norms

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4
Q

What are the auditory First rank symptoms of schizophrenia?

A

Third person auditory hallucinations
running commentary
Thoughts spoken aloud

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5
Q

Name 5 First rank symptoms (non auditory)

A 
Thought withdrawal,
Thought insertion
Somatic hallucinations
Delusional perception
Passivity Phenomena
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6
Q

In what peoples is psychosis more prevalent

A 
Lower Ses
Immigrants 
Afro-caribbeans
Males
Unmarried peoples
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7
Q

Name two developmental factors in the onset of schizophrenia.

A

Complications later in birth

Maternal influenza infection

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8
Q

What brain abnormalities can be resent in schizophrenia

A

Ventricular enlargement

Reduced brain size (frontal and temporal lobes, hippocampus and amygdala)

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9
Q

In terms of brain physiology what can potentiate schizophrenia.

A

Overactive mesolimbic dopamine

Drugs can potentiate this pathway

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10
Q

What is expressed emotion

A

Over criticism from family or friends

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11
Q

Which has more negative symptoms Chronic or Acute schizophrenia

A

Chronic,

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12
Q

What is a pseudohallucination

A

A hallucination from the patients ‘inner eye’

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13
Q

What is the difference between a Hypnagogic and Hypnopompic Hallucination

A

Hypnagogic –> Falling asleep

Hypnopompic –> Waking up

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14
Q

What is a hygric hallucination

A

A hallucination of water or fluid in or outside the body

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15
Q

What is Echolalia, Palilalia?

A

A) repeating words or phrases spoken

B) Repeating the last word of a sentence

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16
Q

Which drugs can produce reality distortion (name 3)

A 
Dopamine agonists (amphetamine / cocaine)
Serotonin 5HT2 agonists such as LSD
Glutamatergic blockers (ket)
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17
Q

What are the 4 A’s of schizophrenia

A

Allogia, Avolition, Affective flattening, Anhedonia

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18
Q

What are the 2 age peaks for schizophrenia

A

20 and 33

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19
Q

What are 3 genes possibly responsible for schizophrenia

A

Polymorphisms in ZNF804A
22q11 deletion
SETD1A

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20
Q

What is schizoaffective disorder?

A

Schizophrenic and affective symptoms come at the same time and equally prominent

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21
Q

What is delusional disorder?

A

Non bizarre delusions, absence of prominent hallucinations, no thought disorder, flattening or affect.

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22
Q

What are Acute and transient psychotic disorders

A

Sudden onset, preceded by acute stressor, associated with certain personality types

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23
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of depression

A

Depressed mood or irritable mood
Anhedonia
Avolition

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24
Q

Name 4 Biological symptoms of depression

A 
insomnia,
Appetite changes
fatigue 
constipation
pain
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25
What is somatic syndrome?
The biological symptoms of depression
26
What hallucination tend to be more common in depression
Second person auditory Hallucinations (accusatory or defamatory) Olfactory Hallucinations- Rotting/ decomposing
27
How would you differentiate between mild moderate and severe depression in terms of number of symptoms.
Mild: 2/3 core symptoms + 1 additional Moderate 2/3 core symptoms + 2/3 additional =6 Severe 3/3 core symptoms + additional symptoms = 8
28
What are three indications for ECT?
Catatonia Severe Depression Mania in bipolar
29
What are two examples of SNRIs
Venlafaxine, Nortiptyline
30
What is a potentially fatal effect of MAOIs
Serotonin syndrome, (Tyramine)
31
What is needed in terms of episodes for Bipolar I or Bipolar II
Bipolar I- At least one Manic (or mixed) episodes | Bipolar One hypo manic and one depressive episode
32
What are the differences between mania and hypomania
Mania: More persistent, (over 1 week) VS hypomania is over 4 days Marked impairment in mania VS can still complete projects in hypomaina. Mania- Psychosis may be present VS hypomania psychosis not be present.
33
What are three forms of treatment for bipolar maina, (3/5)
Atypical antipsychotic Medication: Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole Antiepileptic Medication: Valporate, Carbamazepine, Lithium Stop Antidepressants May use Benzodiazepines
34
Name the treatment for bipolar depression
Atypical antipsychotic Medication: Quetiapine, Olanzapine, Aripiprazole Antiepileptic Medications: Lamotrigine, Lithium Antidepressant medication. Neuromodulation- ECT, rTMS
35
Name the treatment for bipolar maintenance
Atypical antipsychotic Medicaiton Antiepileptic medication lithium psycho education psychotherapies
36
Whats the difference between discrete vs diffuse social anxiety disorder
Discrete- Restricted to eating in public, public speaking or talking to other sex, Diffuse everything except family circles
37
What is Panic disorder
Recurrent, unpredictable attacks of severe anxiety not restricted to any situation
38
What is generalised anxiety disorder?
Generalised and persistent anxiety but not restricted to any circumstances- Free floating anxiety
39
Define Antecedent
Exceptionally threatening or catastrophic traumatic event likely to cause pervasive distress in anyone
40
How long is the latency period in PTSD?
Weeks to months, rarely exceeds six months.
41
Whats an example of a 5HT partial agonist int he treatment of anxiety.
Buspirone
42
Which is a sort life and which is long life, Lorazepam VS diazepam
Loazepam -short | Diazepam- Long
43
What is the weight of people with anorexia nervosa,
<15% expected bodyweight | BMI <17.5
44
Whats the difference between Ego-syntonic and ego-dystonic symptoms
Ego-syntonic - Don't usually cause distress to the patient | Ego-Dystonic - Usually cause distress to the patient
45
What is EMDR (eye movement .....)
Eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing. Pt recalls experience while being fixed on a moving finger in front of them
46
What is an acute stress reaction?
A brief response >3 days but <1 month, | Anxiety, depression, insomnia, denial, avoidance,
47
What is adjustment disorder?
Psychological reaction to adapting to new set of circumstances. Starts within 3 months of stressful events, aggression, palpitations, anxiety, depression, impaired social functioning, alcohol abuse.
48
What is the triad of PTSD symptoms
Hyperarousal, Re-experiencing Avoidance
49
What are the hallmarks of a dysfunctional personality
Pervasive- occurs in all area of life Persistent- evidence from adolescence and carries on to adulthood Pathological - causes distress to self or others. Impairs function.
50
What are Cluster A personality disorders
Schizoid, Paranoid, Schizotypical
51
What are cluster B personality disorders?
Antisocial Histrionic Borderline Narcissistic
52
What are cluster C personality disorders?
obsessive compulsive Anxious Dependant
53
What does SUSPECT stand for in regards to paranoid personality disorder
``` Sensitive Unforgiving Suspicious Possessive and jealous Excessive self- importance Conspiracy theories Tenacious sense of rights ```
54
What does ALL ALONE stand for in regard to schizoid personality disorder
``` Anhedonia Limited Emotional range Little sexual interest Apparent indifference to praise or criticism Lack of close relationships one-player games Normal social conventions ignored Excessive fantasy world ```
55
What does FIGHTS stand for in regards to dissocial personality disorder
``` Forms but cant maintain relationships Irresponsible Guiltless Heartless Temper easily lost Someone else's fault ```
56
What are the two types of Emotionally unstable personality disorder
Borderline type | Impulsive type
57
What does SCARS stand for in relation to borderline type EUPD
``` Self imagine unclear Chronic "empty feelings" Abandonment fears Relationships are intense and unstable Suicide attempts and self harm ```
58
What does LOSE IT stand for in regards to impulsive type EUPD
``` Lacks impulse control Outbursts or threats of violence Sensitivity of being criticised Emotional instability Inability to plan ahead Thoughtless of consequences ```
59
What does ACTORS stand for in regards to Histrionic personality disorder?
``` Attention seeking Concerned with own appearance Theatrical Open to suggestion Racy or seductive Shallow affect ```
60
What does DETAILED stand for in regards to Anankastic personality disorder
``` Doubtful Excessive detail Tasks not completed Adheres to rules Inflexible Likes own way Excludes pleasure and relationships Dominated by intrusive thoughts ```
61
Name 4 core features of dependence syndrome
Primacy Continued use despite negative consequences Loss of control of consumption Narrowing of repertoire rapid reinstatement of dependant use after abstinence Tolerance and withdrawal
62
What is an early indicator of autism in children
Stacking toys
63
What is the name of the stimulant medication used for ADHD
Methylphenidate (stimulants) -Ritalin, Converta Atomoxetine (non stimulant)
64
What are the psychological and social treatments for ADHD
Psychological -Parenting course Social -Liaison with education
65
What is the name of the guidelines and competency regarding capacity in under 16s
Gillick competency and Fraser guidelines
66
What is Conner's rating scales
Observer rated questionnaire for ADHD
67
What number IQ is considered sub average intellectual functioning
<70

CP2 (3 decks)

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