Psych Flashcards
A mediating variable
It explains the correlation between 2 variables A and B. The correlation between A and B is nonexistent without the mediating variable.
Moderating Variable
This either strengthens or weakens the correlation between variables A and B.
Cross’s Nigrescence Model of African-American identity development
African-Americans are described as progressing through several stages of cultural awareness. In the first stage, pre-encounter, African-Americans tend to view the majority Caucasian culture as being more desirable and would view a doctor of this race as being more skilled.
immersion-emersion stage of Cross’s model
African American resents and distrusts the majority Caucasian race (becomes a racist)
Internalization stage of Cross’s model
Recognizes injustices in the past and works to empower other AAs
do opioids use cause pupillary constriction?
yes. It is a symptom of use.
Glutamate is what type of neurotransmitter
Excitatory
Which neurotransmitter is the main inhibitory NT of the CNS?
1) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid).
2) Alcohol is a GABA agonist (binds to GABA receptors)
3) Glycine also works in conjunction to with GABA to inhibit in spinal cord and brainstem.
suggest that depression stems from a reduction in the motivating forces of arousal.
Drive-reduction theory
Catatonia
A symptom of Schizophrenia marked by resistance to passive movement.
three core components of emotion
1) Physiological arousal
2) Expressive ways
3) Subjective experience
the initial request is unreasonably large and is therefore rejected. The initial large request is then followed by a smaller, more reasonable-sounding request that is much more likely to be accepted
“door-in-the-face” technique
Temporal Fibres of vision
they do not cross paths. Only the nasal retina ones do
When a subject views the word “red” written in green ink it takes longer for the subject to recognize the word than when viewing the word “red” written in red ink. This phenomenon is known as:
Stroop effect
refers to whether a variable is able to predict a certain outcome.
criterion validity
deals with the manner in which the terms of the study are defined.
construct validity
refers to the process of learning what is acceptable and appropriate in a smaller, more focused section of society. Learning how to behave at school or in the workplace are examples of secondary socialization.
Secondary socialization
means that living standards are increasing in absolute terms: you are better off than your parents and your children will be better off than you. Absolute mobility compares your income to your parent’s income. If your parents make $5,000 dollars a year and you make $10,000 dollars a year, you have experienced absolute mobility.
Absolute mobility
is a specific category of demographic shifts, accounting for changes in fertility and mortality rates—and the consequences thereof—as a country develops from a preindustrial to an industrial, modern economic system.
Demographic transition
These types of conflicts consist of two options with both appealing and negative characteristics, which seems to represent the jury’s dilemma. If they rule the defendant guilty, they would either be punishing a criminal (approach) or punishing an innocent (avoidant). If they rule the defendant innocent, they would either be letting a criminal walk away unpunished (avoidant) or freeing an innocent (approach).
Double approach-avoidant
reciprocity, commitment and consistency, social proof, authority, liking, scarcity
Cialdini’s 6 principles of persuasion,
The Visual Field
Fovea(centralized region) of retina is dense with cones. Cones perceive bright colors and light, and responsible for increased visual acuity.
The periphery is loaded with roads that have higher light sensitivity(pick up dim light), perceives motion.
The stages of Mead’s social theory
I and Me. Your identity of self is shaped by interactions with others from infancy to adulthood.
Infancy (preparatory)- imitation- mimicking parents (I)
Preschool(play)- role-taking- playing doctor (Me)
School Age(Game)- generalized other- understanding all roles and overarching rules
top-down processing vs. bottom-up
Driven by the Big Picture(abstract ideas) to make judgments/conclusions on details. Knowledge or experience of snakes lead you to mistaken a garden hose for a snake.
Bottom-up is driven by sensory input (perception) that is used to make conclusions about general ideas or conclusions.
Absolute Threshold
intensity of stimulus required for observer to perceive stimulus 50% of the time.
Bureaucracy and McDonaldization
Mnemonic is ECPC( eazy peazy)
Efficiency
Calculability
Predictability
Control
Topic: Self and Identity,
The Bases of Power Model
Referent Power: an individuals ability to exert control by appealing to the desire of the audience to be part of a group. Likely to work on Low-Motivation, Low-knowledge folks.
Gordon Alport
Trait perspective of personality. He hypothesized that 3 traits contribute to a persons personality.
1) Cardinal Traits
2) Secondary
3) Central
Hans Eysenck
The biological and genetics perspective of personality
Muzafer Sharif
Robber’s Cave experiments examined inter-group conflict that result from competition for limited resources.
Albert Bandura
Bobo Doll experiment. Showed that children ca exhibit observational learning of aggressive behavior when they see adults engaging in such behaviors.
John B. Watson
Little Albert exprment. Used classical conditioning to make kid generalize fear to all fury animals.
Gordon Allport’s 3 traits
1- Cardinal- personality n which person builds entire life
2- Central traits- personality that that can be determined by others(defining characteristics)
3- Secondary characteristics that depends of the person.
Personal Constructs
Personal constructs are beliefs about which attributes are most important in making judgments about people. Elena’s mom did not specify what attributes she was looking for (like kindness or trustworthiness),
just that first impressions are importantributes (kindness) we judge folks by
Paul Eckman
Eckman’s 7 universal emotions
Social cONSTRUCTION tHEORY
It posits that individual interactions shape things. Hence, they can not be seen outside a historical context or universally.
Place Theory
Hearing. It posits that sound waves are interpreted based on the place of the basilar membrane of the cochlear on which it hits.
