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Phase 3a > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

phenomenology

1
Q

Illusion

A

mis-perception of actual stimulus

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2
Q

Hallucination

A

Perception of stimuli that aren’t actually there (can be in any modality)

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3
Q

Hypnonopompic

A

as youre waking up

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4
Q

hypnogenic

A

as you fall asleep

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5
Q

Main classifications for auditory hallucinations?

A

2nd person - depressive psychosis or schizophrenia not diagnostic
3rd person - schizophrenia

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6
Q

Reflex hallucination

A

Experience stimuli in one modality and experience it in another.

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7
Q

Extra campine

A

hallucination outside the realms of possibility.

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8
Q

Addiction

A

Psychological or physiological dépendance on a drug, characterised by tolerance and withdrawal

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9
Q

Adjustment disorder

A

Pathological psychological reaction to trauma, loss or sever stress (usually lasts less than 6 months)

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10
Q

Affect

A

Immediate emotional state which can be recognised subjectively and objectively

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11
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to organise sensory information to recognise objects

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12
Q

Akathisia

A

A feeling of inner restlessness causing fidgeting and pacing

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13
Q

Amnesia
Anterograde
Retrograde

A
  • partial/complete loss of memory
  • loss subsequent to cause
  • loss for a period of time prior to cause
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14
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A 
Eating disorder 
Excessive control
Morbid fear of obesity
Usually more than 15% below average weight 
Often have amenorrhoea(f) low libido(m)
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15
Q

Anxiety

A

Provoked by fear/apprehension
Manifests through mental and somatic symptoms
Palpitations, dixièmes, hyperventilation, faintness

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16
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A 
Characterised by lack of control
Abnormal eating may include :
-dieting
-vomiting
-purging
-binging 
Can be associated with any weight, guilt , depressed mood, low self esteem, childhood abuse, alcoholism, promiscuity
Medical associations : 
- oesophageal ulceration 
-parotid ulceration
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17
Q

Catalonia

A

Extreme negative symptoms (withdrawn, unable to form sentences, mute, waxy flexibility)

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18
Q

Compulsion

A

Behaviour component of an obsession

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19
Q

Confabulation

A

Changing loosely held and false memories created to fill in organically derived amnesia

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20
Q

Cyclothymia 🚲

A

A variability in mood over days/weeks, 🚲 from positive to negative mood states

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21
Q

Delirium

A

An acute, organic brain syndrome 2• to physical causes.
Consciousness and cognition are affected.
Often results in disorientation and is associated with illusions, visual hallucinations and persecutory delusions/ideas

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22
Q

Delusion

A

An unshakable, firmly held belief that is out of keeping with the persons cultural context, intelligence and social background

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23
Q

Delusional perception

A

Normal perception that has become of increased significance and is incorporated in to a delusional system

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24
Q

Depersonalisation

A 
An experience where the self if felt to be unreal, detached from reality or different in some way. 
May be triggered by :
-tiredness
- dissociative episodes 
- partial epileptic seizures
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25
Q

Dementia

A

A chronic organic illness that leads to a progressive global deterioration in cognitive function

26
Q

Depression

A

Affective disorder characterised by profound, persistant sadness

27
Q

Derealisation

A

An experience where the person perceives the world around them to be unreal

28
Q

Schizophrenia first rank sx

A

Most characteristic features of schizophrenia:

  • third person auditory hallucinations
  • thought echo
  • thought interference
  • delusional perceptions
  • delusions of reference
  • passivity
29
Q

Flight of ideas

A

Mania and hypomania
Pressured thoughts and ideas race from topic to topic (sometimes only linked by rhymes/puns - ideas are associated though, unlike thought disorder)

30
Q

Frontal lobe syndrome

A

May be caused by trauma, leision or sol

  • Lack of judgement
  • coarsening of personality
  • disinhibition
  • pressure of speech
  • lacking of planning ability
  • decreased apathy
31
Q

Hypomania

A

Affective disorder

  • elation, overactivity, insomnia
  • usually less than 3 days
  • doesn’t affect the patients life
32
Q

Insight

A

Understanding of mental health and need for treatment.

May be reduced in psychotic disorders or organic brain syndromes

In depression insight may be reduced in terms of seeing best qualities

In mania there may be a lack of insight in to patients actual abilities

33
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Amnesia and confabulation following chronic alcoholism

Short term memory in particular is affected

34
Q

Mania

A

Affective disorder

Intense euphoria, overactivity, loss of insight

35
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A 
Caused by neuroleptics (antidepressants, antipsychotics, lithium)
Includes :
- hyperpyrexia 
- autonomic instability 
- muscular rigidity

Significant risk of mortality

36
Q

How do you diagnose dependence?

A

3 out of the 6 criteria in the last year:

  • strong desire/compulsion to take substance
  • difficulties controlling/managing substance taking behaviours
  • physiological withdrawal symptoms
  • evidence of tolerance
  • Neglect of alternative pleasures/interests
  • Persisting with taking the substance despite clear evidence of harm to patient.
37
Q

What is included in thought form assessment?

A

Speed

Flow/coherence.

38
Q

What is linear thinking?

A

in a logical order

39
Q

What is incoherent thinking?

A

makes no logical sense

40
Q

what is circumstantial thinking?

A

lots of irrelevant/ unnecessary details ( around in circles)

41
Q

what is tangiential thinking?

A

Pt goes on on tangents relating loosely to initial thought (flight of ideas - can be associated by rhymes etc.)

42
Q

What is perseveration thinking?

A

repetition of a particular response despite the absence/ removal of the stimuli.

43
Q

When is the MHA 2 used?

A

For compulsory admission for assessments +/- treatment

44
Q

For how long can the MHA 2 be used?

A

28 days

45
Q

Who is required to use MHA2?

A

AMHP and 2xDrs (one must be section 12.2 approved)

46
Q

Give 3 features of MHA2.

A

Right to appeal
Can treat without consent
Can’t be put on back to back section 2
Cannot be used in prison

47
Q

When is Section 3 used?

A

For long term detention for treatment of an established mental health disorder.

48
Q

How often do section 3s need to be reviewed and renewed?

A

6m/yearly

49
Q

Features of section 3 MHA?

A

Can treat without consent after 3m of non-compliance.
Only law allowing indefinite detention
Can be appealed
Can be discharged by nearest relative.
Treatment and decision need review by 2nd dr or tribunal

50
Q

Who and what is required to detain under section 3?

A

AMHP, 2xDrs - both having seen the pt in the last 24h

51
Q

Section 4 - when is it used?

A

In an emergency.

52
Q

Who is required to detain under section 4?

A

One dr, AMPH or NR

53
Q

How long does a section 4 last for?

A

72h only

54
Q

Features of section 4:

A

No power to treat. Should be converted to 2/3 or discharged

55
Q

Section 5(2) - When is it used?

A

For voluntary patients in hospital (not A&E or outpatients)
By Dr’s holding power

56
Q

How long can section 5(2) be used for?

A

72h

57
Q

Features of mha 5(2)

A

No right to medicate, but can give normal meds

Needs to be seen by mental health team.

58
Q

Section 5(4)

A

Already an inpatient
Used by nurses.
Max 6h

59
Q

When is section 135 used and who by?

A

To detain someone from private property (their home)
135 - in the hive
By police or social worker

60
Q

When is section 136 used and who by?

A

To detain someone, from a public space, for a mental health assessment
(136 out in the sticks)
Mental health assessment should be carried out in 72h
Section performed by police

61
Q

Cotard syndrome

A

Nhilisitic delusions - Cotard syndrome is a rare mental disorder where the affected patient believes that they (or in some cases just a part of their body) is either dead or non-existent. This delusion is often difficult to treat and can result in significant problems due to patients stopping eating or drinking as they deem it not necessary

Associated with sever depression and psychotic disorders

Phase 3a (2 decks)

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