Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology Exam 4 > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Imipramine (Tofranil)

A

Nonselective norepinephrine-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (NNSRIs)
AKA Tricyclics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Amitriptyline (Elavil)

A

Nonselective norepinephrine-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (NNSRIs)
AKA Tricyclics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

A

Nonselective norepinephrine-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (NNSRIs)
AKA Tricyclics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Phelenzine (Nardil)

A

MAOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Isocarboxazid (Marplan)

A

MAOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

A

MAOI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Fluoxetine (Prozac)

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Paroxetine (Paxil)

A

SSRI

Cat D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sertraline (Zoloft)

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

citalopram (Celexa)

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

escitralopram (Lexapro)

A

SSRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Venlafaxine (Effexor)

A

SNRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Duloxetine, (Cymbalta),

A

SNRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Desvenlafaxine (Pristig)

A

SNRI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Mirtazapine (Remeron)

A

Atypical antidepressant
Norepi- and Serotonin-Specific Agonist
ADR: sedation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Nefazodone (Serzone)

A

Atypical antidepressant
Serotonin Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor
BBW: hepatotoxicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Trazodone (Oleptro)

A

Atypical antidepressant

Serotonin Agonist Reuptake Inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

TCA Drug Interactions

A

Anticholinergics, Clonidine (hypotension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

TCA Drug Interactions

A

Anticholinergics, Clonidine (hypotension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

MAOIs

A

Inhibit monoamine oxidase, the enzyme that terminates the actions of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, NE, epinephrine, and serotonin.

Used for atypical/ treatment-resistant depression.

Once take the drug, it’s in the body for 2 weeks. When stopping or starting other antidepressants in between, need to wait 5 weeks with TCAs or fluoxetine (Prozac)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ADRs of MAOIs

A

Insomnia/agitation, anticholinergic activity (dry mouth, blurred vision, urinary retention, constipation), dizziness, HA, orthostatic hypotension
Drug interaction reaction: hypertensive crisis when used with other antidepressants or sympathomimetic drugs, or with foods containing tyramine or supplements containing caffeine, tyrosine, phenylanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MAOI Drug Interactions

A

Hypertensive crisis when used with other antidepressants or sympathomimetic drugs, or with foods containing tyramine or supplements containing caffeine, tyrosine, phenylanine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

SSRIs

A

Uses: Depression, OCD (> 6 yo), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, bulimia, PTSD, generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, (not approved for Bipolar disorder)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ADRs of SSRIs

A 
CNS excitation (insomnia, headache)
N/D
Sexual dysfunction, decreased libido
May impair platelet aggregation
Serotonin syndrome
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Combination of mental status changes, neuromuscular hyperactivity, and autonomic hyperactivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Serotonin Withdrawal/ Discontinuation Syndrome

A

Dizziness, headaches, nausea, sensory disturbances, tremor, anxiety, dysphoria, shock-like sensations, flu-like s/s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

SSRI Warnings

A

Careful in bipolar – can induce rapid cycling & mania

Serotonergic drugs

Careful with NSAIDS, ASA, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs

Avoid EtOH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

Combination of mental status changes (agitation, euphoria, hypomania, hallucination, confusion, insomnia), neuromuscular hyperactivity (clonus, ataxia, tremor, hyperreflexia, incoordination, seizures), and autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, arrhythmia, HTN, diaphoresis, mydriasis, tachypnea).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

SSRI Warnings

A

Careful in bipolar – can induce rapid cycling & mania

Serotonergic drugs

Careful with NSAIDS, ASA, anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs

Avoid EtOH

30
Q

SNRIs

A

Uses: Major depressive disorder, general anxiety disorder, neuropathy pain, fibromyalgia, (not approved for bipolar disorder)
NOT FDA approved for use in children

31
Q

ADRs of SNRIs

A

HTN
Orthostatic hypotension
Impaired platelet aggregation
Steven-Johnson syndrome and other rashes

32
Q

Warnings of SNRIs

A

Narrow-angle glaucoma, chronic liver disease, uncontrolled HTN

May cause hepatotoxicity; increase serum transamine levels (20X greater than normal)

Serotonin Withdrawal/Discontinuation Syndrome

Careful in bipolar – can induce rapid cycling & mania

33
Q

Warnings of SNRIs

A

Narrow-angle glaucoma, chronic liver disease, uncontrolled HTN

May cause hepatotoxicity; increase serum transamine levels (20X greater than normal)

Serotonin Withdrawal/Discontinuation Syndrome

Careful in bipolar – can induce rapid cycling & mania

34
Q

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A

Atypical Antidepressant: Norepi-Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitor

Acts as stimulant and suppresses appetite
Antidepressant effect begin in 1–3 weeks
Not for anxiety
Does not affect serotonergic, cholinergic, or histaminergic transmission; works w/ dopamine
Does not cause weight gain
Increases sexual desire and pleasure

35
Q

ADRs of Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A 
Headaches
Weight loss 
Dry Mouth, Nausea
Agitation, Insomnia (not for anxiety!)
Seizures
36
Q

Contraindications of Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

A

Seizure disorders
Abuse potential with XL or SR forms; inhaling crushed tablets or injecting dissolved tablets has been reported

MAOIs can increase the risk of bupropion toxicity

37
Q

chlorpromazine (Thorazine)

A

Typical antipsychotic

Phenothiazine

38
Q

haloperidol (Haldol)

A

Typical antipsychotic

NON-phenothiazines

39
Q

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

40
Q

Clozapine (Clozaril)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

Blocks dopamine (low affinity – lower EPS)
Blocks serotonin

Use: Schizophrenia

ADRs:
Fatal agranulocytosis – monitor WBCs before and post

41
Q

Olanzapine (Zyprexa)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

ADRs: little/no risk of agranulocytosis (can cause leukopenia) but higher metabolic effects (DM)

Approved to treat psychotic BPD

42
Q

Olanzapine-fluoxetine (Symbyax)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

43
Q

Paliperidone (Invega)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

44
Q

Quetiapine (Seroquel)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

45
Q

Risperidone (Risperdal)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

46
Q

Ziprasidone (Geodon)

A

Atypical antipsychotic

47
Q

Antipsychotics

A

Uses: Schizophrenia, delusional disorders, bipolar disorders, depressive psychoses, drug-induced psychoses

Should NOT be used to treat dementia in the older adult!

Increase dopamine levels in the brain; tranquilizing effect in psychotic patients

48
Q

ADRs of First-generation antipsychotics

A

Cause serious movement disorders; extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)

49
Q

ADRs of Second-generation antipsychotics or atypical antipsychotics

A

Fewer EPS; higher risk of metabolic effects (wt gain, new onset DM, dyslipidemia)

50
Q

Extrapyramidal Effects

A

Acute dystonia: muscle spasm of face (eyes), neck or back
Parkinsonism: pill rolling and shuffling
Akathisia: pacing and squirming
Tardive dyskinesia (late onset): involuntary tongue rolling, lip smacking; can be permanent!

51
Q

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS)

A

Rare
Risk of death without treatment

Sweating, rigidity, sudden high fever, autonomic instability, seizures

Treat with dantrolene (Dantrium)

52
Q

Antipsychotic BBW

A

Can cause hepatotoxicity

S/S: abdominal pain, jaundiced sclera, dark urine, or clay color stools

53
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

For anxiety and insomnia

MOA: GABA (see slide later)

Pregnancy Cat D & X

Hepatic/renal impairment (toxicity)

54
Q

lorazepam (Ativan)

A

Benzodiazepines

Uses: anxiety

55
Q

flurazepam (Dalmane)

A

Benzodiazepines

Uses: insomnia

56
Q

temazepam (Restoril)

A

Benzodiazepines

Uses: insomnia

57
Q

triazolam (Halcion)

A

Benzodiazepines

Uses: insomnia

58
Q

ADRs of Benzodiazepines

A 
CNS depression (excessive sedation, dizziness, etc), anterograde amnesia, EPS
Paradoxical effects: insomnia, excitation, euphoria, anxiety & rage
59
Q

flumazenil (Romazicon)

A

Antidote to Benzo overdose/ toxicity

60
Q

Buspirone (Buspar)

A

Serotonergic Anxiolytic

Use: first-line for mild to moderate anxiety

Advantages: Non-CNS depressant, No abuse potential, No withdrawal s/s, Pregn Cat B

ADRs: usually resolve

Warnings/Contraindications: NOT used with panic attacks

Drug Interactions: MAOIs and SSRIs: Serotonin syndrome

61
Q

Zolpidem (Ambien)

A

Sedative/Hypnotics: Non-benzodiazapines

62
Q

Zaleplon (Sonata)

A

Sedative/Hypnotics: Non-benzodiazapines

63
Q

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

A

Sedative/Hypnotics: Non-benzodiazapines

64
Q

Sedative/Hypnotics: Non-benzodiazapines

A

Binds to GABA-receptor

Because of it’s selectiveness, does not have any activity as an anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, or muscle relaxant

Uses: Reduce sleep latency and awakenings, can prolong sleep duration

Sleep medication should not be used >3 weeks

Adverse effects:
Daytime drowsiness (if taken < 6 hrs from awakening), amnesia
Sleep driving & sleep-related complex behaviors (cooking, etc)
Depression and suicidal ideation
Caution in women & older adults (may need lower doses), hepatic impairment
Pharmacokinetics: Schedule IV drugs – can cause withdrawal so taper
Drug Interactions: Avoid CNS depressants incl ETOH
Pt teaching: Take immediately before bedtime and get at least 6 hours of sleep

65
Q

ADRs of Sedative/Hypnotics: Non-benzodiazapines

A

Daytime drowsiness (if taken < 6 hrs from awakening), amnesia
Sleep driving, sleep-related complex behaviors (cooking, etc)
Depression and suicidal ideation

Caution in women & older adults (may need lower doses), hepatic impairment

66
Q

Lithium (Lithonate, Lithotabs)

A

“Mood stabilizers”
DOC for manic bipolar episodes & long-term prophylaxis & preventing suicide

Narrow therapeutic range, must monitor drug levels

67
Q

Lithium drug interactions

A

Lithium levels increase when sodium levels decrease (or vice versa).

Loss of Na+: Kidneys retain Li to compensate = Li toxicity

Caution with thiazide or loop diuretics, severe salt-restricted diet, dehydration, N/V, hot weather

Risk of toxicity increases when taking NSAIDS & Cox-2 inhibitors

68
Q

ADRs of Lithium

A 
Anorexia
Fine tremors
Dry mouth, increased thirst or urination
Goiter and hypothyroidism 
Edema
69
Q

Toxic Effects of Lithium

A

Diarrhea, vomiting
Course tremors
Drowsiness, muscle weakness, ataxia, confusion, lethargy, slurred speech, hyperreflexia
Seizures (late)
Teratogenesis – Preg Cat D; discourage use in lactation

70
Q

Valproic acid/divalproex sodium (Valproate/Depakote)

A

Better for manic phases than Lithium

Works faster than lithium, less adverse effects

Lithium better at lowering suicide & preventing relapses

71
Q

Carbamazepine

A

Better for manic phases than Lithium

Protects against recurrence of mania and depression

72
Q

Stimulants

A

Amphetamine, methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine

Uses: ADHD, Chronic illness-related fatigue, Narcolepsy, Weight loss in obese patients

ADRs: Insomnia, undesired weight loss, tachycardia, palpitations, arrhythmias, restlessness, irritability, euphoria, headache, HTN

Warnings:
Highly abused substanceStimulants may affect growth
Don’t stop abruptly (fatigue, depression)

Pharmacology Exam 4 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions