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Phase 2 > Psych > Flashcards

Psych Flashcards

1
Q

Non-organic causes of Psychosis

A 
Schizophrenia
Schizotypal disorder
Schizoaffective disorders
Acute psychotic episode
Mood disorders with psychosis
Drug-induced
Delusional disorder
Induced delusional disorder
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2
Q

Drugs that cause Psychosis

A

Alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA, cannabis, LSD

Levodopa, methyldopa, steroids, antimalarial

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3
Q

Organic causes (not drug) of Psychosis

A 
Complex partial epilepsy
Deliriumdementia
Huntington's
SLE
Syphilis
Endocrine -> Cushing's
Metabolic -> Vit B12 deficiency, porphyria
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4
Q

Define hallucinations

A

Perception in the absence of an external stimulus

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5
Q

Rank likelihood of type of hallucinations

A

Auditory & tactile (top)

Visual, olfactory less likely

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6
Q

What is usual cause of olfactory hallucinations

A

Frontal lobe pathology. e.g. middle meningioma

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7
Q

Definitaiton of delusion

A

A fixed firmly held belief that is usually false, that is held despite evidence to the contrary,
that cannot be reasoned away,
and that is out of keeping with a person’s sociocultural norms.

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8
Q

What is grandiose delusion

A

Exaggerated factors of: self-worth, power, knowledge, identity and/or exceptional relationship to a divinity or famous person
Mostly seen in maniac bipolar

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9
Q

Explain hypochondriacal delusion

A

Someone is after Pt

Most common

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10
Q

Explain reference delusion (Ideas of reference)

A

Everything is about the Pt

e.g. special meaning to you in a group talk

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11
Q

What type of delusion believe someone important is in love with Pt

A

Erotomanic

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12
Q

What type of deulson believe they done something terrible

A

Guilt

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13
Q

What is formal thought disorders

A

An impairment in the ability to form thoughts from logically connected ideas
- Speech, (and ∴ thought?) is incoherent

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14
Q

What is disorders of self

A

Experience of thought interferience

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15
Q

What is a pseudo-hallucination

A

Not psychosis
involuntary sensor experience vivid enough to be regards as a hallucination
However, Pt recongise it is not from external stimuli

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16
Q

Definition of Schizophrenia

A

Characterized by hallucination, delusions and thought disorders
Lead to functional impairment
Occurs in absent of organic disease, alcohol or drug related disorder

17
Q

Name 3 schizophrenia pathology hypthosis

A
  1. Dopamine: over activity of mesolimbic dopamine pathways
  2. Expressed emotion: Those with relatives that are over involved or make hostile/excessive critical comments are more likely to relapse
  3. Stress-vulnerability model: environmental factors interacting with genetic predisposition or brain injury
18
Q

Positive Clinical features of Schizophrenia

A 
Delusions Held Firmly Think Psychosis
Delusions
Hallucination
Formal thought disorder
Thought Interference
Passivity phenomenon
19
Q

Name 4 Schneider’s 1st rank Sx

A

3rd person auditory hallucinations
Thought interference
Delusional perception
Passivity phenomena

20
Q

Name 6 negative Sx of Schizophrenia

A 
Avolition (decrease motivation)
Asocial behavior
Anhedonia
Alogia (poverty of speech)
Affect blunted
Attention/cognitive deficits
21
Q

ICD10 criteria of Schizophrenia diagnosis

A

1 Group A Sx (Schneider’s 1st rank) or
2 Group B Sx (Hallucinations not auditory, thought disorganisation, catatonic symptoms, -ve Sx)
For at least 1 month

22
Q

What are the types of Schizophrenia

A

Paranoid Schizophrenia (most common, mostly +ve Sx)
Post-schizophrenic depression (residual Sx, mostly depression)
Hebephrenic (thoughts disorganisation, early onset, poor prognosis)
Catatonic Schizophrenia (rare)
Simple Schizophrenia (Rare, -ve Sx, no psychotic Sx)
Undifferentiated schizophrenia
Residual schizophrenia (1year of chronic -ve Sx, clear psychotic episode)

23
Q

Prognosis of Schizophrenic

A

1/3 have one psychotic episode
1/3 recurrent psychotic episodes
1/3 psychotic episodes and some residual change in personality

24
Q

Rx management for Schizophrenia

A

2nd gen anti-psychotic: Risperidone, Olanzapine
Clozapine if resistant after 2 drugs

Adjuvants: Benzo ST relief
Antidepressants and lithium as augment

25
Q

Non Rx management of Schizophrenia

A

Bio: ECT
Psych: CBT, psychoeducation, Art therapy, social skills training
Social: Support groups (Rethink), Peer support, supported employment programmes

26
Q

What are the 3 core Sx of Depression

A

Low mood
Lack of energy
Anhedonia (lack of enjoyment/interest)

27
Q

Other symptoms of Depression

A 
Biological:
Decrease appetite with weight loss
Decrease sleep (early morning wakening)
Duirnal Mood variation
Reduce libido
Psychomotor retardation
reduce concentraiton

Cognitive
Lack of conc
Though of worthlessness/hopelessness/guilt

Psychotic: Hallucinations, delusions

28
Q

Dx criteria and classification of depression

A 
2 week Hx of;
Mild: 2 core + 2 other
Moderate: 2 core + 3 other
Severe: 3 core +4 core
Severe with psychotic: psychotic Sx
29
Q

1st, 2nd, 3rd line Tx for depression

A

1st line: CBT/psychotherapy, mindfulness, social intervention
2nd line: SSRI/SNRI
3rd line: MAOI/TCA, lithium, antipsychotics

30
Q

Social interventions for depression

A 
Exercise
Regular structured activities
Mx stressors
Meaningful activity
Carer's assessment/support
31
Q

What is “Baby-blues” & management

A

seen in 60-70% of women post natal
Usually 3-7 days following birth
Anxious, tearful, irritable

Management is reassurance

32
Q

What is Postnatal depression & treatment

A

Affect 10% of women
start within 1 month, peaks at 3 months
Simliar features to depression

CBT, SSRI (sertraline and paroxetine) may be used
Secreted in breast milk but not harmful

33
Q

How do you assess severity of PSD

A

Edinburgh Postnatal depression scale

34
Q

What is puerperal psychosis and management

A

.2% of women, within first 2-3wk
Severe swings in mood (similar to bipolar disorder)
Disordered perception (hallucinations, esp auditory)

Require admission
20% risk of recurrence on future pregnancies

Phase 2 (1 decks)

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