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Psyc 351 > Psych 351 Final > Flashcards

Psych 351 Final Flashcards

1
Q

Observational Learning

A

The process by which individuals are influenced by others behaviors

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2
Q

What three crucial sequential stages occur during observational learning?

A

Exposure, Acquisition, and Acceptance

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3
Q

Exposure

A

The observation of the models behavior

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4
Q

Acquisition

A

The learning of the models behavior

Pay attention and remember

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5
Q

Acceptance

A

refers to the observer accepting the models behavior as a guide for their own

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6
Q

Specific imitation

A

Observer engages in the same behavior as the model

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7
Q

Specific counterimitation

A

Observer does exactly the opposite of what the model did

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8
Q

General imitation

A

Observer behaves similarly(not exactly) like the model

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9
Q

General counterimitation

A

Observer behaves differently( but not exactly in a direct opposite way from the model)

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10
Q

Two types of modeling

A

Live Model: Observed in person

Symbolic Model: Observed indirectly

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11
Q

5 functions of modeling

A

Teaching, Pronpting, Motivating, Reducing Anxiety, Discouraging

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12
Q

Self Modeling

A

Clients serve as their own models of adaptive functioning

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13
Q

Covert self-modeling

A

Individual imagines themselves engaging in target behavior

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14
Q

Video-self modeling

A

videos are made of the individual performing target behavior

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15
Q

Vicarious Extension

A

When a model demonstartws the anxiety evoking behavior without incurring negative consequences

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16
Q

Coping Model

A

A model who is initially fearful and incompetent, who gradually becomes more confident and skilled engaging in the anxiety-evoking behavior

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17
Q

Mastery Model

A

Expert who shows no fear & is competent from the start

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18
Q

Participant modeling

A

Guided participation:Therapists models anxiety-evoking behavior for client then verbally encourages and physically guides the clients engagement in behavior
Modeling to Prompting to Fading prompts

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19
Q

Perceived self-efficacy

A

belief individuals have that they can be successful at a task

20
Q

Self-efficacy

A

more vigor & persistence in behavior

21
Q

Skills training

A 
client must have 
Knowledge
Proficiency
Discrimination(Know when to engage in the skill)
Motivation
22
Q

Modeling as a key component in skills training

A

Modeling communucates subleties of performing complex skills

23
Q

Assertive Behavior

A

Behavior which reflects your wishes/needs and simultaneously maintains respect for others

24
Q

Goals of assertiveness training

A

increase ability to use assertive behavior,
decrease anxiety associated with assertive behavior
educate about assertive vs aggressive behavior

25
Q

Two major goals of ACT

A

Acceptance of uncontrolled and unwanted thoughts and feelings
Commitmemt and action in the service of a life congruent with the client

26
Q

Self Instructional Training

A

Invironment that uses both cognitive and behavioral interventions in which clients are taught to use self-statement instructionsto cope more effectively in difficult situations

27
Q

Self-Instructional Training Steps

A

Cognitive Modeling: Model performings task with overt self-talk
Cognitive Participant Modeling: Client performs while model verbalizes
Overt Self-Instructions: Client performs while verbalizing out loud
Fading of over Self-Instructions: Client performs while whispering
Covert Self-Instructions: Client performs while saying instructions to self

28
Q

Cognitive Restructure therapy

A

recognizing maladaptive cognitions and substituting more adaptive cognitions for them

29
Q

Cognitive behavioral coping skills therapy

A

Teaches clients adaptive responses-both cognitive and overt behavioral-to deal effectively w/ difficult situations

30
Q

self talk

A

what people say to themselves when they are thinking

31
Q

the first step in cognitive-restructuring therapy is

A

for the clients to become aware of their self talk,especially before,during, and after their problem behaviors occur

32
Q

4 basic methods used to assess clients cognitions

A

interview, self recording, direct self report inventory, think aloud procedures

33
Q

methods used to assess clients cognitions differ along 5 dimensions

A

1) timing
2) degree of structure(open ended, forced choice)
3) mode of response (written,oral)
4) nature of the stimulus(written scenario,simulated version)
5) source of evaluation(by client, by the therapist)

34
Q

think-aloud approach

A

requires clients to verbalize their thoughts while engaging in a simulated task

35
Q

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

A

Treatment that employs cognitive restructuring to change the irrational thoughts that cause psychological problems such as anxiety, guilt

36
Q

According to ellis’s rational emotive theory, what creates psychological problems

A

the interpretations people make of events in their lives

37
Q

absolute thinking

A

viewing an event in an all-or-none, black-or-white fashion

38
Q

overgeneralization

A

drawing the conclusion that all instances of a situation will turn out a certain way because it’s happened once or twice before

39
Q

catastrophizing

A

seeing minor situations as disastrous

40
Q

2 themes that Ellis says run through irrational ideas that lead to psychological problems

A

1) Personal worthlessness

2) Sense of duty

41
Q

3 major procedures used in REBT

A

1) Identify thoughts based on irrational beliefs
2) challenge irrational beliefs
3) replacing thoughts based on irrational beliefs w/ thoughts based on rational beliefs

42
Q

Automatic thoughts

A

how Beck refers to maladaptive beliefs, emphasizes how clients experience their distorted beliefs

43
Q

cognitive interventions

A

based on cognitive restructuring, changes clients cognitions directly

44
Q

Schema

A

a broad, pervasive, cognitive theme about oneself,others, or the world

45
Q

schemas are identified as

A

self report inventories, interviews, etc

46
Q

schema activation

A

once schemas are ID’d, therapist activates them through imagery/role playing

Psyc 351 (1 decks)

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