Psych 250 Midterm 1

Question 1

What happens when it comes to Neurotransmitters release?

Answer 1

1. Bind
2. Enzymatic Deactivation
3. Reuptake

Question 2

What is a small hyper polarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell?

Answer 2

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ISPS)

Question 3

What is a small depolarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell?

Answer 3

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

Question 4

What is selected within the ventricles of the brain via choroid plexus which converts material from nearby blood into CSF?

Answer 4

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 5

What is a dopaminergic pathway originating in the ventral tegmentum of the midbrain and projecting to the prefrontal cortex?

Answer 5

Mesocortical pathway or mesolimbic pathway

Question 6

What is a dopaminergic pathway originating in the substance nigra and projecting to the basal ganglia; also know as the nigrostrital pathway?

Answer 6

Mesostriatal pathway or nigrostrotrial pathway

Question 7

What is the scientific study of the brain and nervous system, health and in disease?

Answer 7

Neuroscience

Question 8

What scientific study incorporates the fields of psychology, biology, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science?

Answer 8

Neuroscience

Question 9

What promotes the removal of tissue-ablation with animals?

Answer 9

Flourens

Question 10

What is a major inhibitory amino acid neurochemical?

Answer 10

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Question 11

What is receptor is activated by Glutamate?

Answer 11

N-methyl-D-aspartat (NMDA)

Question 12

What increases GABA effect and arousal state which tend to be more impulsive decision making process affected since your frontal cortex isn’t functioning as well?

Answer 12

Alcohol

Question 13

What technology provides very high resolution structural images?

Answer 13

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Question 14

What technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images?

Answer 14

Computerized tomography (CT)

Question 15

What technology uses a series of high resolution images to asses the activity of the brain?

Answer 15

Functional MRI (FMRI)

Question 16

What is one of a group of neurochemicals that includes amino acids and amines?

Answer 16

Small molecules

Question 17

What promotes neurotransmitter affect?

Answer 17

Agonist

Question 18

What impedes the effect of a neurotransmitter?

Answer 18

Antagonist

Question 19

What are the three R’s in animal research?

Answer 19

Reduce - the numbers of animal used
Replace - the use of animals with other options
Refine - methods to ensure the most humane treatment possible

Question 20

What type of glial cells support and provide nutrients to the neuron?

Answer 20

Glial astrocytes

Question 21

What type of glial cell is important for cleaning up debris?

Answer 21

Microglia cell

Question 22

Apart from microglia, what other glial cell is also involved in the cleaning up process?

Answer 22

Astrocytes

Question 23

What glial cell forms the myelination on the central nervous system?

Answer 23

Oligodendrocytes

Question 24

What type of glial cell forms the myelin on axons in the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 24

Schwann cells

Question 25

What is a junction between 2 neurons at which information is transferee from one to another?

Answer 25

Synapse

Question 26

What are genes and behavior issues?

Answer 26

Direct, profound, and exclusivity

Question 27

What is the idea that the body is mechanistic but the mind is non-physical?

Answer 27

Dualism

Question 28

Who was the one to invent the light microscope?

Answer 28

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

Question 29

Who were the two to share the 1906 Nobel Prize for their worn the makeup of the nervous system?

Answer 29

Golgi and Cajai

Question 30

Who was the one to discover X-rays and was the first to take an X-ray image?

Answer 30

Wilhem Rontgen

Question 31

Who associated with the idea that the nervous system has a hierarchal organization?

Answer 31

John Hughling Jackson

Question 32

Who was the person to coin the term synapse?

Answer 32

Charles Sherrington

Question 33

What size can the naked eye perceive objects?

Answer 33

At least 0.2 mm in size

Question 34

What provides the least amount of magnification that is needed for a clear image?

Answer 34

Light microscope

Question 35

What device is used to make very thin slices of tissues for histology?

Answer 35

Microtome

Question 36

What is the best way to obtain a detailed view of structures?

Answer 36

Studying a small number of single cell bodies

Question 37

Which imaging technology would be use to look into a head injury caused by an accident?

Answer 37

Computer Tomography (CT)

Question 38

Which imaging technology uses powerful magnets to align hydrogen atoms within a magnetic field?

Answer 38

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

Question 39

What imaging technology provides a way to observe the living brain as it images in process such as reading emotional reactions?

Answer 39

Functional MRI (FMRI)

Question 40

What method is best used to get a clear image?

Answer 40

Electron Microscope

Question 41

What is the understanding of the nervous system that has not been without its odd turns and dead ends?

Answer 41

Phrenology

Question 42

What is a technique that involves using implanted micropipettes to filter tiny amount of extracellular fluid from the area of the brain surrounding the tips of the pipettes?

Answer 42

Microdialysis

Question 43

What is one big drawback to rely on volunteers participation?

Answer 43

Might lose the ability to generalize to certain population

Question 44

What type of study is base on cheating in which Intro to Psych students are told they can volunteer to participate in exchange for a few extra credit points?

Answer 44

Ethical type study

Question 45

What type of biologist define evolution as descent with modification from a common ancestor?

Answer 45

Modern biologist

Question 46

What is process by which favorable traits would become more common and unfavorable traits would become less common in subsequent generations?

Answer 46

Natural selection

Question 47

When was the 1st hominid brain hypothesized to have appeared?

Answer 47

7 million years ago

Question 48

If brain makes up only 2% of body weight, how much blood is pumped by the heart?

Answer 48

10 - 15%

Question 49

What pathways brings sensory input and motor output to the spinal cords and to the brain?

Answer 49

Somatic nervous system

Question 50

What is in control of hormones that is essential to digestion?

Answer 50

Enteric nervous system

Question 51

What stain was developed by Camillo Golgi used to observe single neurons?

Answer 51

Golgi stain

Question 52

What stain is used to view populations of cell bodies?

Answer 52

Nissl stain

Question 53

What stain is used to trace neural pathways?

Answer 53

Myelin stain

Question 54

What stain is used to trance neural pathways from their terminals to points of origin?

Answer 54

Horseradish peroxidase

Question 55

What method is used for preparing a brain for examination that literally makes it transparent?

Answer 55

Optical imaging

Question 56

What image technology looks at the brain pattern activity that is shown in waves?

Answer 56

Electroencephalography (EEG)

Question 57

What imaging technology involves in administering magnetic pulses to the brain through scalp that shows promise in treatment of motor disease?

Answer 57

Repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation IrTMS

Question 58

What is a compound that acts as a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator, or a neurohormone?

Answer 58

Neuropeptides

Question 59

What are the 3 types of neurochemicals?

Answer 59

Small molecules, neuropeptides, and gas transmitter