Psych 250 Midterm 1 Flashcards
What happens when it comes to Neurotransmitters release?
- Bind
- Enzymatic Deactivation
- Reuptake
What is a small hyper polarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell?
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ISPS)
What is a small depolarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell?
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)
What is selected within the ventricles of the brain via choroid plexus which converts material from nearby blood into CSF?
Cerebrospinal fluid
What is a dopaminergic pathway originating in the ventral tegmentum of the midbrain and projecting to the prefrontal cortex?
Mesocortical pathway or mesolimbic pathway
What is a dopaminergic pathway originating in the substance nigra and projecting to the basal ganglia; also know as the nigrostrital pathway?
Mesostriatal pathway or nigrostrotrial pathway
What is the scientific study of the brain and nervous system, health and in disease?
Neuroscience
What scientific study incorporates the fields of psychology, biology, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science?
Neuroscience
What promotes the removal of tissue-ablation with animals?
Flourens
What is a major inhibitory amino acid neurochemical?
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
What is receptor is activated by Glutamate?
N-methyl-D-aspartat (NMDA)
What increases GABA effect and arousal state which tend to be more impulsive decision making process affected since your frontal cortex isn’t functioning as well?
Alcohol
What technology provides very high resolution structural images?
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
What technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images?
Computerized tomography (CT)
What technology uses a series of high resolution images to asses the activity of the brain?
Functional MRI (FMRI)
What is one of a group of neurochemicals that includes amino acids and amines?
Small molecules
What promotes neurotransmitter affect?
Agonist
What impedes the effect of a neurotransmitter?
Antagonist
What are the three R’s in animal research?
Reduce - the numbers of animal used
Replace - the use of animals with other options
Refine - methods to ensure the most humane treatment possible
What type of glial cells support and provide nutrients to the neuron?
Glial astrocytes
What type of glial cell is important for cleaning up debris?
Microglia cell
Apart from microglia, what other glial cell is also involved in the cleaning up process?
Astrocytes
What glial cell forms the myelination on the central nervous system?
Oligodendrocytes
What type of glial cell forms the myelin on axons in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
What is a junction between 2 neurons at which information is transferee from one to another?
Synapse
What are genes and behavior issues?
Direct, profound, and exclusivity
What is the idea that the body is mechanistic but the mind is non-physical?
Dualism
Who was the one to invent the light microscope?
Anton Von Leeuwenhoek
Who were the two to share the 1906 Nobel Prize for their worn the makeup of the nervous system?
Golgi and Cajai
Who was the one to discover X-rays and was the first to take an X-ray image?
Wilhem Rontgen
Who associated with the idea that the nervous system has a hierarchal organization?
John Hughling Jackson
Who was the person to coin the term synapse?
Charles Sherrington
What size can the naked eye perceive objects?
At least 0.2 mm in size
What provides the least amount of magnification that is needed for a clear image?
Light microscope
What device is used to make very thin slices of tissues for histology?
Microtome
What is the best way to obtain a detailed view of structures?
Studying a small number of single cell bodies
Which imaging technology would be use to look into a head injury caused by an accident?
Computer Tomography (CT)
Which imaging technology uses powerful magnets to align hydrogen atoms within a magnetic field?
Position Emission Tomography (PET)
What imaging technology provides a way to observe the living brain as it images in process such as reading emotional reactions?
Functional MRI (FMRI)
What method is best used to get a clear image?
Electron Microscope
What is the understanding of the nervous system that has not been without its odd turns and dead ends?
Phrenology
What is a technique that involves using implanted micropipettes to filter tiny amount of extracellular fluid from the area of the brain surrounding the tips of the pipettes?
Microdialysis
What is one big drawback to rely on volunteers participation?
Might lose the ability to generalize to certain population
What type of study is base on cheating in which Intro to Psych students are told they can volunteer to participate in exchange for a few extra credit points?
Ethical type study
What type of biologist define evolution as descent with modification from a common ancestor?
Modern biologist
What is process by which favorable traits would become more common and unfavorable traits would become less common in subsequent generations?
Natural selection
When was the 1st hominid brain hypothesized to have appeared?
7 million years ago
If brain makes up only 2% of body weight, how much blood is pumped by the heart?
10 - 15%
What pathways brings sensory input and motor output to the spinal cords and to the brain?
Somatic nervous system
What is in control of hormones that is essential to digestion?
Enteric nervous system
What stain was developed by Camillo Golgi used to observe single neurons?
Golgi stain
What stain is used to view populations of cell bodies?
Nissl stain
What stain is used to trace neural pathways?
Myelin stain
What stain is used to trance neural pathways from their terminals to points of origin?
Horseradish peroxidase
What method is used for preparing a brain for examination that literally makes it transparent?
Optical imaging
What image technology looks at the brain pattern activity that is shown in waves?
Electroencephalography (EEG)
What imaging technology involves in administering magnetic pulses to the brain through scalp that shows promise in treatment of motor disease?
Repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation IrTMS
What is a compound that acts as a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator, or a neurohormone?
Neuropeptides
What are the 3 types of neurochemicals?
Small molecules, neuropeptides, and gas transmitter
