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Psych 250 > Psych 250 Midterm 1 > Flashcards

Psych 250 Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens when it comes to Neurotransmitters release?

A
  1. Bind
  2. Enzymatic Deactivation
  3. Reuptake
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2
Q

What is a small hyper polarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell?

A

Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (ISPS)

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3
Q

What is a small depolarization produced in the postsynaptic cell as a result of input from the presynaptic cell?

A

Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

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4
Q

What is selected within the ventricles of the brain via choroid plexus which converts material from nearby blood into CSF?

A

Cerebrospinal fluid

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5
Q

What is a dopaminergic pathway originating in the ventral tegmentum of the midbrain and projecting to the prefrontal cortex?

A

Mesocortical pathway or mesolimbic pathway

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6
Q

What is a dopaminergic pathway originating in the substance nigra and projecting to the basal ganglia; also know as the nigrostrital pathway?

A

Mesostriatal pathway or nigrostrotrial pathway

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7
Q

What is the scientific study of the brain and nervous system, health and in disease?

A

Neuroscience

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8
Q

What scientific study incorporates the fields of psychology, biology, chemistry, medicine, mathematics, physics, engineering, and computer science?

A

Neuroscience

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9
Q

What promotes the removal of tissue-ablation with animals?

A

Flourens

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10
Q

What is a major inhibitory amino acid neurochemical?

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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11
Q

What is receptor is activated by Glutamate?

A

N-methyl-D-aspartat (NMDA)

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12
Q

What increases GABA effect and arousal state which tend to be more impulsive decision making process affected since your frontal cortex isn’t functioning as well?

A

Alcohol

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13
Q

What technology provides very high resolution structural images?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

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14
Q

What technology in which computers are used to enhance X-ray images?

A

Computerized tomography (CT)

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15
Q

What technology uses a series of high resolution images to asses the activity of the brain?

A

Functional MRI (FMRI)

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16
Q

What is one of a group of neurochemicals that includes amino acids and amines?

A

Small molecules

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17
Q

What promotes neurotransmitter affect?

A

Agonist

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18
Q

What impedes the effect of a neurotransmitter?

A

Antagonist

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19
Q

What are the three R’s in animal research?

A

Reduce - the numbers of animal used
Replace - the use of animals with other options
Refine - methods to ensure the most humane treatment possible

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20
Q

What type of glial cells support and provide nutrients to the neuron?

A

Glial astrocytes

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21
Q

What type of glial cell is important for cleaning up debris?

A

Microglia cell

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22
Q

Apart from microglia, what other glial cell is also involved in the cleaning up process?

A

Astrocytes

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23
Q

What glial cell forms the myelination on the central nervous system?

A

Oligodendrocytes

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24
Q

What type of glial cell forms the myelin on axons in the peripheral nervous system?

A

Schwann cells

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25
Q

What is a junction between 2 neurons at which information is transferee from one to another?

A

Synapse

26
Q

What are genes and behavior issues?

A

Direct, profound, and exclusivity

27
Q

What is the idea that the body is mechanistic but the mind is non-physical?

A

Dualism

28
Q

Who was the one to invent the light microscope?

A

Anton Von Leeuwenhoek

29
Q

Who were the two to share the 1906 Nobel Prize for their worn the makeup of the nervous system?

A

Golgi and Cajai

30
Q

Who was the one to discover X-rays and was the first to take an X-ray image?

A

Wilhem Rontgen

31
Q

Who associated with the idea that the nervous system has a hierarchal organization?

A

John Hughling Jackson

32
Q

Who was the person to coin the term synapse?

A

Charles Sherrington

33
Q

What size can the naked eye perceive objects?

A

At least 0.2 mm in size

34
Q

What provides the least amount of magnification that is needed for a clear image?

A

Light microscope

35
Q

What device is used to make very thin slices of tissues for histology?

A

Microtome

36
Q

What is the best way to obtain a detailed view of structures?

A

Studying a small number of single cell bodies

37
Q

Which imaging technology would be use to look into a head injury caused by an accident?

A

Computer Tomography (CT)

38
Q

Which imaging technology uses powerful magnets to align hydrogen atoms within a magnetic field?

A

Position Emission Tomography (PET)

39
Q

What imaging technology provides a way to observe the living brain as it images in process such as reading emotional reactions?

A

Functional MRI (FMRI)

40
Q

What method is best used to get a clear image?

A

Electron Microscope

41
Q

What is the understanding of the nervous system that has not been without its odd turns and dead ends?

A

Phrenology

42
Q

What is a technique that involves using implanted micropipettes to filter tiny amount of extracellular fluid from the area of the brain surrounding the tips of the pipettes?

A

Microdialysis

43
Q

What is one big drawback to rely on volunteers participation?

A

Might lose the ability to generalize to certain population

44
Q

What type of study is base on cheating in which Intro to Psych students are told they can volunteer to participate in exchange for a few extra credit points?

A

Ethical type study

45
Q

What type of biologist define evolution as descent with modification from a common ancestor?

A

Modern biologist

46
Q

What is process by which favorable traits would become more common and unfavorable traits would become less common in subsequent generations?

A

Natural selection

47
Q

When was the 1st hominid brain hypothesized to have appeared?

A

7 million years ago

48
Q

If brain makes up only 2% of body weight, how much blood is pumped by the heart?

A

10 - 15%

49
Q

What pathways brings sensory input and motor output to the spinal cords and to the brain?

A

Somatic nervous system

50
Q

What is in control of hormones that is essential to digestion?

A

Enteric nervous system

51
Q

What stain was developed by Camillo Golgi used to observe single neurons?

A

Golgi stain

52
Q

What stain is used to view populations of cell bodies?

A

Nissl stain

53
Q

What stain is used to trace neural pathways?

A

Myelin stain

54
Q

What stain is used to trance neural pathways from their terminals to points of origin?

A

Horseradish peroxidase

55
Q

What method is used for preparing a brain for examination that literally makes it transparent?

A

Optical imaging

56
Q

What image technology looks at the brain pattern activity that is shown in waves?

A

Electroencephalography (EEG)

57
Q

What imaging technology involves in administering magnetic pulses to the brain through scalp that shows promise in treatment of motor disease?

A

Repeat transcranial magnetic stimulation IrTMS

58
Q

What is a compound that acts as a neurotransmitter, a neuromodulator, or a neurohormone?

A

Neuropeptides

59
Q

What are the 3 types of neurochemicals?

A

Small molecules, neuropeptides, and gas transmitter

60
Q
A

Psych 250 (1 decks)

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