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PSYCH 210 > PSYCH 210 FINAL > Flashcards

PSYCH 210 FINAL Flashcards

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1
Q

Behaviourism

A

School concerned with observable behaviour defined in objective terms

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2
Q

Jacques Loeb

A

Developed theory of animal behaviour based on concept of tropism

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3
Q

Tropism

A

Forced movement toward source of stimulation

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4
Q

Willard Small

A

First to use rat maze as method for studying learning

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5
Q

Margaret Washburn

A

Wrote first book on comparitive psychology in America called The Animal Mind

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6
Q

Clever Hans

A

Horse whose amazing intellectual feats were due to unconcious cuning by owners

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7
Q

Connectionism

A

Theory of learning that focuses on associations between situations and responses; proposed by Edward Thorndike

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8
Q

Law of Effect

A

Response is more likley in situation because response produced satisfaction; Proposed by Edward Thorndike

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9
Q

Law of exerise

A

Use of response in situation strengthens bond between responses and situation; Proposed by Edward Thorndike

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10
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Discovered conditioned reflex; advocated objective approach to psychological phenomena

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11
Q

Conditioned Reflex

A

Stimulus elicits response dependent on its relationtion to another stimulus

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12
Q

Unconditioned Reflex

A

Stimulus elicits response indepent of its relation to another stimulus

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13
Q

Vladimir Bekhterev

A

Conducted pioneering research on motor reflexes; advocated objective approach to psychological phenomena

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14
Q

John Watson

A

Founder of behaviourim

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15
Q

Little Albert

A

Infant taught by John Watson to fear white rat

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16
Q

Mary Cover Jones

A

First to conduct behaviour therapy; eliminated fears of boy named Peter

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17
Q

Behaviour Therapy

A

Application of learning principles to change maladaptive behaviour

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18
Q

Karl Lashley

A

Early behavioist at odds with Watson; challanged claim that reflex arc is basic unit of behaviour

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19
Q

Law of mass action

A

Learning efficiency is a function of mass of cortex; proposed by Karl Lashley

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20
Q

Equipotentiality

A

All pats of cortex contibute equally to learning; Proposed by Karl Lashley

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21
Q

William Mcdougall

A

Persistent Critic of John Watson; Formulated instinct theory of behaviour

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22
Q

Neobehaviourism

A

Schools of behvaiourism after John Watson; Common denominator is operationism

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23
Q

Operationism

A

Doctrine that all theoretical terms in science should be operationally defined; Promoted by physicist Percy Bridgman

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24
Q

Operational Definition

A

The equating of the meaning of theoritcal term with the procedure used to measure it

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25
Q

Edward Tolman

A

Founder of purposive behaviourism

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26
Q

Purposive behaviourism

A

System that focuses on goal-directed nature of behaviour; forerunner to cognitive psychology

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27
Q

Intervening variable

A

Operationally defined theoretical term useful in explaining behaviour; introduced into behaviourism by Edward Tolman

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28
Q

Cognitive Map

A

Mental representation of set of relations that guides behaviour; Proposed by Edward Tolman

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29
Q

Clark Hull

A

Dominated American Psychology from the 1940s to the 1960s; Proposed complex learning theory based on hypothetico-deductive method

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30
Q

Reinforcement (Hull)

A

Strength of associations between stimulus and response increases when occurence is followed by drive reduction

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31
Q

Habit Strength

A

Strength of association between stimulus and response; intervening variable proposed by Clark Hull

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32
Q

B.F Skinner

A

Uncontested champion of behaviouism from 1950s-1980s; Advocated a functional analysis

33
Q

Functional Analysis

A

Study of systamtic relatiions betwen envirnmental events and behavioural events

34
Q

Operant conditioning

A

Frequency of behaviour changes when it produces a consequence; studied by BF skinner

35
Q

Reinforcment (Skinner)

A

Frequency of behaviour increases when it produces a consequence

36
Q

Reinforement Schedule

A

Specification of how a reincorcing event is depenent on a behaviour; studied by BF Skinner

37
Q

Walden Two

A

Famous novel written by BF Skinner describing utopian society based on application of behavioural principles

38
Q

Gesalt Psychology

A

School based on belief that whole is different than sum of its parts

39
Q

Phi Phenomenon

A

Illusion of movement created by presneting visual stimuli in rapid succession; Studied by Max Wertheimer

40
Q

Max Werthereimer

A

Co-founder of Gestalt Psychology; wrote seminal paper about phi phenomenon marking start of school

41
Q

Kurt Koffka

A

Co-founder of Gesalt Psychology; wrote paper leading to misconception in America that school was about perception only

42
Q

Wolfgang Kohler

A

Co-founder of Gesalt Psychology; famous for research on insightful learning in chimpanzees

43
Q

Perceptual Constancy

A

Perception of whole remains intact despite fluctuating sensory information from it; key concept in Gestalt Psych

44
Q

Insightful Learning

A

Sudden ability to solve problem after perceving relations among its parts; studied by Wolfgang Kohle

45
Q

Isomorphism

A

Concious experience is like a map of the underlying brain experince; key concept in Gestalt Psychology

46
Q

Psychoanalysis

A

School that emphasizes unconcious motivation; subject matter is psychopathology; primary method is clinical observation

47
Q

Franz Mesmer

A

His use of megnetic therapy inducyed trances in patience

48
Q

Martin Charcot and Pierre Janet

A

Their pioneering treatment of hysteria with hypnosis shiftef psychatry from physical to mental viewpoint

49
Q

Catharsis

A

Concious expression of repressed ideas brings emotional release

50
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Founder of psychoanalysis

51
Q

Josef Breuer

A

His case report on Anna O played critical role in development of psychoanalysis

52
Q

Transference

A

Patience developed feeling for therapist simmilar to feelings of signifigant other; first reported by Josef Bruer

53
Q

Free association

A

Psychotheraputic technique which patient says whatever comes to mind; developed by Sigmund Freud

54
Q

Seduction theory

A

Cause of all neuroses is sexal abuse during childhoodl proposed and later discaded by Sigmund Frued

55
Q

Repression

A

Unacceptable ideas are forced from concious level and left to operate at unconcious level; key concept in psychanalysis

56
Q

Libido

A

Collective psychic energy associated with life instinct; proposed by sigmund freud

57
Q

ID

A

Instintual ascpect of personality operating at unconcious level; proposed by Sigmund Freud

58
Q

Ego

A

Rational aspect of personality resposible for controlling ID; proposed by Sigmund Freud

59
Q

Superego

A

Moral aspect of personality derieved from internalizing values of others; Proposed by Sigmund Freud

60
Q

Defense mechanism

A

Ways that ego alters reality at unconcious level to reduce anxiety; proposed by Sigmund Freud

61
Q

Oedipus complex

A

Boys unconciously desire to sexually possess mother and destroy father; proposed by Sigmund Freud

62
Q

Anna Freud

A

Psychoanalysts who developed ego psychology; pioneer in child analysis

63
Q

Ego Psychology

A

School that expanded psychoanalysis to accept independence of ego from ID

64
Q

Carl Jung

A

Founde of analytical psychology

65
Q

Analytical Psychology

A

School descended from psychoanalysis; emphasizes colective unconcious and self actualization

66
Q

Personal Unconcious

A

Reservoir of material at surface level of conciousness that can easily be recalled; Proposed by Carl Jung

67
Q

Collective Unconcious

A

Resevoir of material at deepest level of unconcious that contains archetypes; Proposed by Carl Jung

68
Q

Archetypes

A

Emotional Responses to significant life events that are inherited and reside in collective unconcious; Proposed by Carl Jung

69
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Founder of individual psychology

70
Q

Individual Psychology

A

School descended from psychoanalysis; emphasizes how compensatory mehcanisms affect personal growth

71
Q

Social Intrest

A

Concern for other and society; Alfred Alder belives essential for healthy personality

72
Q

Inferiority Complex

A

Pathological conditon resulting from inability to compensate for feelings of inferiority; proposed by Alfred Alder

73
Q

Karen Horney

A

Psychoanalyst who stressed cultural factors as determiants personality

74
Q

Basic Anxiety

A

Feelings of despair caused by parent frustrating basic needs of child; proposed by Karen Horney

75
Q

Humanistic Psychology

A

School concerned with uniqueness and basic goodness of humans; started in 1960s

76
Q

Abaham Maslow

A

Spiritual father of humanistic psychology

77
Q

Self Actualization

A

Realization of ones full potential; key concept in humanistic psychology

78
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanistic Psychologist who devloped person-centered psychotherapy

79
Q

Uncondtional positive regard

A

Mother gives love to child without preconditions; Carl Rogers claims essential to healthy personality

PSYCH 210 (1 decks)

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