Psych 202 Exam 2 (UW Madison) Flashcards by Anna Rehfeld

John went out hunting and shot a deer. His excitement drives him to go out and find the deer right away. While tracking the deer he looks for clues such as blood, tracks, and of course the deer. He knows the deer is brown and has antlers. He uses these cues and applies them to the external world. This is an example of which type of perception processing method:

a. bottom-up
b. Top-up
c. top-down
d. bottom-down

c. top-down

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Anna is visiting her grandmother and as she greets her she gives her a hug. She notices that her grandmother has on her usual perfume but it is unusually strong today. As Anna is leaving she gives her grandmother another hug goodbye but this time doesn’t notice the smell of perfume. This is because of…..

a. Sensory adaptation
b. Perception
c. Good continuation

a. sensory adaptation

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What is linear perspective?

a. the partial overlap of something
b. when two parallel lines seem to converge
c. a cue that relies on only one eye
d. none of the above

b. when two parallel lines seem to converge

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Which is not a Gestalt principle of perception?

a. Proximity
b. Closure
c. Contiguity
d. Similarity

c. contiguiity

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What is the difference between bottom-up and top-down processing?

A. Bottom-up processing is when you use background knowledge and experience to influence perception; top-down processing is when you look at new things for the first time and need to put things together

B. Top-down processing is when you use background knowledge and experience to influence perception; bottom-up processing is when you look at new things for the first time and need to put things together

C. Bottom-up processing has a higher level cognition; topdown processing has a higher level cognition

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Can you predict the outcome if an integral part of the Temporal Lobe, specifically the cochlea, is damaged?

A. The person will damage their ability to create new memories or emotions

B. The person will damage their hearing ability

C. The person will damage their fine motor skills and higher-order thinking skills

D. The person will damage their sight

B. The person will damage their hearing ability

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Can you make a distinction between cones and rods?

a. Cones work best in bright light conditions while rods work best in low light conditions
b. Cones work best in low light conditions while rods work best in bright light conditions
c. Rods are parts of cones and function collaboratively
d. Cones are parts of Rods and function collaboratively

a. Cones work best in bright light conditions while rods work best in low light conditions

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What example can you find to explain lines that appear to be different lengths when in actuality they are the same length?

Müller-Lyer illusion

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How can you correlate perception and sensation?

a. Perceptions are built from sensations, but not all sensations result in the perception
b. Sensations are built from perception, but not all perceptions result in sensations
c. Perceptions and sensations are correlated directly, they both cause and lead to each other all of the time
d. Perceptions never build sensations

a. Perceptions are built from sensations, but not all sensations result in the perception

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If the frequency of a sound wave is high, what does that tell you about the sound?

A. The pitch is high

B. The pitch is low

C. The sound is loud

D. The sound is quiet

a. the pitch is high

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Bruce Bridgeman was born with extreme lazy eye that causes him to be unable to respond to binocular cues of depth. What is the name for this inhibition?

A. Stereoblindness

B. Congenital deafness

C. Colorblindness

D. Conductive hearing loss

a. stereoblindness

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If an individual is sitting out on their porch where a lighthouse light keeps flashing and bothering the individual, but eventually the individual does not notice the light anymore. What is this known as?

A) Sensory adaptation

B) Top-down processing

C) Bottom-up processing

D) Feature detectors

a. sensory adaptaion

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Kids in a class are asked to watch a traffic video and count how many black cars pass on-screen, midway through the video the sky changed colors from blue to green. No one notices the color change until it is pointed out, later on, this is an example of what?

a. Inattentional blindness
b. Depth perception
c. Visual spectrum
d. Occipital lobe perception failure

a. inattentional blindness

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Which principles are included in Gestalt Principles of Perception? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A) we tend to segment our visual world into figure and ground

B) our perceptions tend to be of a series of segments rather than complete objects

C) we are less likely to perceive continuous, smooth-flowing lines than jagged, broken lines

D) we tend to perceive things that are close to each other as being grouped together

a and d

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A test subject is put into a room where the level of light is slowly turned up, and they are instructed to let the experimenter know when they notice the room getting lighter. This is demonstrating what.

A. Subliminal messages

B. Absolute Threshold

C. Kinesthesia

D. Transduction

b. abdolute threshold

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Lee walks into her garden and her nose detects the scent of roses. The act of detecting the rose is an example of _________ because it is a physical process.

a. Sensation
b. Top-Down
c. Perception
d. Bottom-Up

a. sensation

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Jack is inside of a theater and the lights suddenly turn off, he can’t see for a second and panics, then suddenly he can see again, why is this happening?

A. Jacks cone activity was activated

B. Jacks Cochlea was activated

C. Jacks Rod activity was activated

D. Jack uses top down processing

C. Jacks Rod activity was activated

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If a study suggested that different portions of the basilar membrane are sensitive to sounds of different frequencies, which theory would support this idea?

A) Place Theory

B) Temporal Theory

C) Signal Detection Theory

D) Opponent-process Theory

a. place theory

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Growing up, Khush always had gotten hurt and get infections but would never be able to feel the pain. This last week, he left his had on a stove and damaged his neurons leading to ______ pain. He decided to go into the doctor and the was diagnosed with _______

A. inflammatory; congential analgesia

B. Neuropathic; congential analgesia

C. Inflammatory; Meineres disease

D. Neuropathic; Meineres disease

B. Neuropathic; congential analgesia

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In my small dorm room, I lost my Wiscard. I am going around and looking for something that might be small like a credit card and be white or red. I will not look behind my pillows. This is an example of what way we processes our perceptions?

a. Bottom Up Processing
b. Sensory Adaptation
c. Top Down Processing
d. None of the Above

c. topd down processing

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Revised Question: Sara holds her finger in front of her face and moves it towards and away from her face. Which of the following is this an example of?

a. Monocular cues
b. Binocular cues
c. Timbre
d. Somatosensation

b. Binocular cues

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What size of wavelength would a building be and what size of wavelength would a human inside of that building be?

A. Radio; Microwave

B. Radio; Infrared

C. Microwave; Radio

D. Microwave; Infrared

A. Radio; Microwave

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What process is it when previous experiences and expectations are used to recognize a stimuli?

a) subliminal messages
b) top-down processing
c) bottom-up processing
d) sensory adaptation

a. subliminal messages

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If the cornea is damaged what would be the implications?

A) The barrier between the eye and the world would be altered

B) The person wouldn’t be able to smell properly

c) The depth perception would be off

D) They would be color blind

A) The barrier between the eye and the world would be altered

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Paulina has a rare condition known as grayscale colorblindness, where she can only see shades of gray, black, and white. She cannot see color because she was born without ______ and only have ______, which resulted in her colorblindness. A) Cones; rods B) Iris; pupil C) Rods; cones D) Pupil; iris

A) Cones; rods

What sense are Olfactory receptor cells related to? a. sight b. touch c. smell d. taste

c. smell

Jeff has gotten in a car accident and he can no longer hear high frequencies what area was damaged? a. hair cells at the tip of the basilar membrane b. hair cells at the base of the basilar membrane c. hair cells d. pinna

b. hair cells at the base of the basilar memebrane

What is the visible spectrum in humans? a. 300 to 700 nm b. 1000 to 4000 nm c. 470 to 1100 nm d. 380 to 740 nm

d. 380 to 740 nm

Identify which order listed below is the correct pathway that sound travels through the ear. a. auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, stapes, oval window, cochlea b. auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, incus, oval window, cochlea c. auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, malleus, oval window, cochlea d. auditory canal, tympanic membrane, semi-circular canals, oval window, cochlea

what parts are in the outer division of the ear?

pinna and tympanic membrane

what parts are in the middle divisoon of the ear?

three ossicles, malleus, incus, and stapes

what parts are in the inner division of the ear?

cochlea and basilar mmebrane

What could be done to maximize a person's ability to sense low-frequency vibrations? a. Give them a drug to enhance their body’s production of Meissner's corpuscles b. Give them a drug to inhibit their body’s production of Ruffini’s corpuscles c. Puncture their tympanic membrane d. Introduce them to gestalt psychology

a. give them a drug to enhance their bodys production of meissners corpuscles

From the following below, can you classify the proper order of the modeling process used in psychology? A) Attention, Motivation, Reproduction, Retention B) Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation C) Attention, Retention, Motivation, Reproduction D) Attention, Reproduction, Motivation, Retention

B) Attention, Retention, Reproduction, Motivation

Sally's mom puts her socks on before her pants when getting dressed. Sally watches her do this every day and begins to do the same thing. Sally's mom is the…. In this situation a. Model b. Impression c. Conditioned response

a. model

In order to teach her child not to repeat his actions after he behaved badly, the mom took away her son’s toy truck. This is an example of: A) Positive Reinforcement B) Negative Reinforcement C) Positive Punishment D) Negative Punishment

d. negative punishment

Sally a five-year-old having some behavioral problems. Her mom is trying to teach her that her actions have consequences. Whenever Sally throws a temper tantrum her mother takes away her favorite baby doll what is this an example of? a. Negative punishment b. Positive punishment c. Negative reinforcement d. Positive reinforcement

a. negative punishment

Which of the following is not a step in the modeling process about the social learning theory? a. Focus on the behavior b. Want to copy the behavior c. Trust their instincts d. Reproduction e. Retention

c. trust their instincts

Sara was in Las Vegas and was playing the slots. Even when she lost a couple of rounds, she still kept playing because there was a chance that she would win the next one. What kind of reinforcement schedule was she operating on? a) variable ratio reinforcement schedule b) variable interval reinforcement schedule c) fixed ratio reinforcement schedule d) fixed interval reinforcement schedule

a) variable ratio reinforcement schedule

My boss says I will get a raise if I double my hours for the next 2 weeks. Which term best fits this scenario? a. positive reinforcement b. positive punishment c. negative reinforcement d. negative punishment

a. positive reinforcement

In ____ the stimulus or experience occurs before the behavior and then gets paired with the behavior. a: operant conditioning b. classical conditioning c. stimulus generalization d. conditioned responses

b. classical conditioning

3. Choose the correct example of observational learning. A. To try to get Alexander to do his chores, his mother tells Alexander that every week he completes his chores, on Sunday he can get ice cream from the local ice cream parlor. B. After 3-year-old Jen draws with crayons on the wall, her mother takes Jen's tablet away for a week. After this, Jen never draws on the walls again. C. While Mark is in dance class, his teacher shows the class a new move. Mark watches intently and then mimics the teacher's movements. D. All of the above.

Q: A basketball coach who is frustrated with his team's free-throw shooting decides to institute a new rule: for every missed free-throw from the last game, the team will have to run one extra set of suicides at the end of practice. The coach hopes that this rule will help the team's performance by reducing the amount of free-throws missed in games. This is an example of: a. positive reinforcement b. negative reinforcement c. positive punishment d. negative punishment

c. positive punishment

What is the best way to teach a person or animal a behavior? A) Positive Reinforcement B) Negative Punishment C) Positive Punishment D) Negative Reinforcement

What is going on? Pierran starts to get hungry when he hears his mother's voice because the family normally eats when she gets home from work. His mother buys a new Mustang and he can hear the engine from his room. He begins to hear her pull up, and then hear her voice and gets hungry. A few weeks later, he eats lunch and then hears a mustang in the parking lot. Pierran gets hungry again! a. This is an example of Second-Order Conditioning b. This is an example of the UCS changing the CR c. This is an example of basic Operant Conditioning d. This is an example of Spontaneous Recovery of CR.

a. this is an example sof second-order conditioning

A stimulus that elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus is known as ______ where as a stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in an organism is known as_______. A. unconditioned stimulus; conditioned stimulus B. unconditioned response; conditioned response C. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus D. conditioned response; unconditioned stimulus

C. conditioned stimulus; unconditioned stimulus

If I remove the curfew for my teenager when he/she finishes his/her homework early, which of the following am I using? a) Positive Reinforcement b) Negative Punishment c) Negative Reinforcement d) Positive Punishment

c. negative reinforcemnt

If an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus aren't presented together for a period of time, the conditioned response will start to occur less frequently. This is known as....? A) Law of effect B) Stimulus generalization C) Spontaneous recovery D) Extinction

d. extiniction

What is a fixed interval reinforcement schedule? a) when behavior is rewarded after a set amount of time b) when the subject gets the reinforcement based on varying amounts of time, which is unpredictable c) there are a set number of responses that must occur before the behavior is rewarded d) the number of responses needed for a reward varies

Ryan was driving in the bright sun and getting annoyed by the seat belt alarm, and decided to click his seat belt in. Why do you think Ryan decided to click in his seatbelt, what was the cause? A. The cause was the annoying alarm and this was a reinforcer. B. The cause was the sunlight and this is a fixed variable C. The cause was punishment and the alarm was an example of a punisher D. The cause was positive reinforcement and the alarm was causing this

You see your sister get punished for stealing candy off the table you are less likely to do this because ___ a. Vicarious punishment b. Vicarious reinforcement C. Positive reinforcement

You decide to make an experiment with rats in order to show operant conditioning. you hook a box up with a red and green light. If the light is green and the rats step on the lever, they get a reward of food. If the light is red and the rats step on the lever, they receive a shock as punishment. What inference can you make to show that the rats are learning operant conditioning? a. the rats learn not to press the lever when the red light flashes b. the rats learn to press both levers when either light flashes c. it is not possible for rats to learn operant conditioning

a. the rats learn not to press the lever when the red light flashes

If a car salesman is given a bonus for every 10 cars he sells, this is an example of what kind of reinforcement schedule? a) variable interval b) fixed interval c) fixed ratio d) variable ratio

c. fixed ratio

Can you make the distinction between Classical Conditioning and Operant Conditioning?

Classical Conditioning is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and to anticipate events. Operant Conditioning is when an organism learns to associate a behavior and its consequences.

Parents play the sound of a bell every time a baby smells food and gets hungry, and the baby starts associating the bell’s sound with the feeling of hunger. What is considered the neutral stimulus/conditioned stimulus in this scenario? a. The smell of food b. Feeling hungry after the sound of the bell c. The sound of the bell d. Feeling hungry after smelling food

c. sound of the bell

What did B.F. Skinner contribute to behaviorism?

B.F. Skinner came up with operant conditioning to prove his theory that behaviors are motivated by their consequences.

What is the function of the neutral stimulus? A. Stimulus the elicits a response after repeatedly being paired with an unconditioned stimulus B. Stimulus that elicits a reflexive response C. Stimulus that doesn't naturally elicit a response D. Stimulus that has a natural, unlearned response

C. Stimulus that doesn't naturally elicit a response

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement? a. A child does their chores, so they are given their allowance. b. A kid hit their sibling, so their parents took away their favorite toy. c. A student yelled in the middle of class, so they were given detention. d. A parent tells their kid that they don’t have to do their chores if they study for their quiz.

d. A parent tells their kid that they don’t have to do their chores if they study for their quiz.

How would you use secondary reinforcement? A - Giving a child tokens you can trade-in for something more valuable B - Rewarding a child with ice cream after punishment C - A dog finally learning how to shake because of the dog getting treats as a reward D - All of the above

A - Giving a child tokens you can trade-in for something more valuable

According to the following scenarios, which of the demonstrates stimulus generalization? Choose the best answer. a) Frank, a parrot, sits in an outside cage. When he hears his owner say “food”, Frank starts to salivate. Yet, if he hears people outside say food, he still salivates. b) Frank, a parrot, sits in an outside cage. When he hears his owner say “food”, Frank starts to salivate. Yet, if he hears people outside say food, he will not salivate. c) Frank, a parrot, sits in an outside cage. When he hears his owner say “food”, Frank starts to salivate. Yet, if he hears people outside say food, he starts to get tired. d) None of these answers are correct.

Caden and Adam frequently get ice cream together. One time, however, Adam goes with his friend Jake. While getting ice cream they witness a couple arguing in the ice cream shop and storming out. They laughed about it and went on with their day. The next time Caden and Adam get ice cream, Adam brings this memory up to Caden and Caden claims he has never witnessed the event. This is due to which of the seven sins and which category? a. Misattribution, distortion b. Blocking, forgetting c. Transience, intrusion d. Misattribution, forgetting

a. Misattribution, distortion

Modify this sentence so it is correct: Implicit memories are memories we have about events we have personally experienced. A. change ‘implicit’ to ‘episodic’ B. Change ‘implicit’ to ‘semantic’ C. Change ‘implicit’ to ‘explicit’ D. It is already correct

Andrew experiences a brain injury affecting his memory after getting in a major car accident. He can no longer remember things that have occurred after the crash. Andrew is most likely suffering from… a. Amnesia b. Anterograde amnesia c. Alzheimers

b. Anterograde amnesia

When Abby was 13 years old, Abby is sitting in a cafe when she looks outside. She sees an old women driving a car. She watches as the old women drives right into the building across from the cafe where Abby is sitting. A few years later Abby is with her sister. Her sister asks if Abby has ever seen a car accident. Abby clearly remembers when she was 13 and watched the old lady drive into the building. This is an example of: a. Lightbulb Memory b. Flashlight Memory c. Flashbulb Memory d. Scared Memory

c. flashbulb memory

When looking into the creation of new memories, we refer to this as ______, but when looking into the recollection of precious memories, we refer to this as ______. A) Creative Memories, Recreative Memories B) Construction, Reconstruction C) Production, Reproduction D) Construction, Reproduction

B) Construction, Reconstruction

Your first day of 2nd grade is an example of ___ memory. A: episodic memory B. short-term memory C. implicit memory D. flashbulb memory

A: episodic memory

Lisa is memorizing flashcards such as bark, fluff, and glossy. To remember these words, Lisa relates them to synonymous like trees, clouds, mirrors. What type of encoding is happening? A. semantic B. sensory C. visual D. mental

A. semantic

What is the function of the amygdala in terms of memory? a. To play a part in-memory storage, responsible for fear memories, involves in transferring new learning into long-term memory, and helps encode memories at a deeper level when the event is emotionally arousing b. To project information to cortical regions that give memories meaning and connect them with other memories, and plays a part in memory consolidation c. Involved in how people are able to process and retain information, and you could still lose it and be able to create implicit memories (procedural memory, motor learning, and classical conditioning)

How would you classify transience? a. Type of forgetting that involves the accessibility of memory decreasing over time c. Type of forgetting that's caused by lapses in attention c. Type of distortion where the source of the memory is confused d. Type of distortion that involves false memories

a. Type of forgetting that involves the accessibility of memory decreasing over time

While studying his flashcards, Lee makes sure to think about the meaning of each new concept to relate it to knowledge he’s already obtained along with repeating the answer over and over. This is an example of what memory-enhancing strategy? A) Rehearsal B) Interference C) Chunking D) Elaborative Rehearsal

D) Elaborative Rehearsal

Jake went to the running of the bulls in Spain and took a tumble, hitting his head in the process. Jake can make new memories easily, but can not recall events that occurred before the accident. What is Jake likely suffering from? A: Retrograde amnesia B: Anterograde amnesia C: False memory syndrome D: Encoding failure

A: Retrograde amnesia

Tim is asked to write an essay on one of his favorite childhood memories, he recalls the amazing time he had when he was 14 white water rafting in Glacier National Park, what kind of memory is this? A. Episodic Memory B. Semantic Memory C. Procedural Memory D. Emotional Conditioning

A. Episodic Memory

Dave learned how to play the violin as a little kid. Years later, he picks up a violin and is able to somewhat play a song even though he went a long time period with no practice. What strategy is Dave using? A. Retrieval B. Recognition C. Recall D. Relearning

D. Relearning

In order for a memory to go into storage, it has to pass through what? A) Sensory memory, short term memory, the transduction cycle, and finally long term memory B) Sensory memory, short term memory, and finally long term memory C) Short term memory, sensory memory, and finally long term memory D) The transduction cycle, short term memory, sensory memory, and finally long term memory

B) Sensory memory, short term memory, and finally long term memory

In the stages of memory processing, information that is not transferred through certain stages is lost. Which are these stages? a. sensory input and sensory memory b. short term memory and long term memory c. sensory memory and long term memory d. sensory memory and short term memory

What is the function of the hippocampus in processing memories? a. Regulate the stress hormones associated with memories b. Project memory to cortical regions c. Process and retrieve implicit memories d. Trigger strong emotional signals associated with said memory

b. project memory to cortical regions

The tendency to think an outcome was inevitable after the fact is _______ bias and ______ bias involves enhancing our memories of the past. a. Hindsight; egocentric b. Egocentric; hindsight c. Experimenter; egocentric d. Experimenter; hindsight e. Hindsight; stereotypical

c. Experimenter; egocentric

Charlie remembers going to the beach with his family on his 7th birthday, but as he gets older, it becomes harder and harder to recall this event. What type of memory error can this be classified as? A: a. absentmindedness b. suggestibility c. transcience d. persistence

c. transcience

Tom was in a bad car accident and experienced severe trauma to this brain. Due to his injuries, Tom had to get part of his cerebral cortex removed which was involved in lasting memory. Despite his severe injuries, Tom was still able to complete his daily puzzles after months of therapy. What is this an example of? A. equipotentiality hypothesis B. arousal theory C. flashbulb memory D. reconstruction

A. equipotentiality hypothesis

The main job of the "..." is to regulate emotions, such as fear and aggression A- Cerebellum B- Amygdala C- Hippocampus D- Prefrontal Cortex

B- Amygdala

If a student is preparing for an exam that requires new information to be learned and stored, which of the following concepts is involved? A) Flashbulb Memory B) Procedural Memory C) Effortful Processing D) Automatic Processing

C) Effortful Processing

How would you use your memory in order to remember a math problem you have done before? A. By utilizing encoding B. By utilizing retrieval C. By utilizing construction D. By utilizing the method of chunking

B. By utilizing retrieval

When studying for my exam I organize information into manageable bits, what is this called? a. Chunking b. Elaborative rehearsal c. Mnemonic devices d. Self-reference effect

a. chunking

Chris suffered a traumatic brain injury. The doctors discover that he has suffered memory loss and is having difficulty regulating his emotions. Which part of his brain was likely damaged? A. Hippocampus B. The amygdala C. Prefrontal cortex D. Temporal lobe E. Auditory cortex

B. The amygdala

Grace suffered a brain injury and is now unable to process new declarative memories. What part of her brain was damaged? a. The hippocampus b. The amygdala c. The cerebellum d. The prefrontal cortex

a. The hippocampus

Which type of encoding is used when you put the sentence "The notes were sour because the seam split" in context with the word "Bagpipe"? a) visual encoding b) semantic encoding c) acoustic encoding d) contextual memory

b) semantic encoding

Johnny wants to describe what his dog looks like to his friend but cannot get the words out. He knows all of the information but cannot speak them. what might be be suffering from? a. motivated forgetting b. tip of the tongue phenomenon c. encoding specificity d. state dependent retrieval

b. tip of the tongue phenomenon

Tracy is hoping to help her daughter learn the months of the year and how many days they each have. She uses a rhyme to help her recall the months: what type of encoding is Tracy using? a. Semantic b. Visual c. Acoustic d. None

c. acoustic

What is anterograde amnesia? a - loss of memory for events that occur after brain trauma b - loss of memory for events that occur prior to brain trauma c - loss of memory for events that occur during brain trauma d - loss of memory due to brain trauma

a - loss of memory for events that occur after brain trauma

After seperating the rats _____, They failed to link the fear of emotion to being shocked? A. hippocampus b. Amygdala c. Cerebellum d. Prefrontal cortex

b. Amygdala

What would happen to one's memory if the hippocampus were to stop functioning properly? a) You would still be able to form explicit memories b) You would be unable to process new declarative memories c) You would be able to create new memories, but not retain anything from the past d) You would not be able to form implicit memories

b) You would be unable to process new declarative memories

What is not a example of procedural? a. how to ride a bike b. knowing who the president is c. tie your shoe laces d. drive

b. knowing who the president is

what is the differnce between short term and long term memory?

Short-term memory is a temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory. Long-term memory is the continuous storage of information and differs from short-term memory because long-term memory storage capacity is unlimited.

The parents of a teenager tell them that they used to chew their ice cream at a young age, though the teen has many explicit memories that contradict that statement. Since the teen elects to listen to their parents, they now believe they chewed their ice cream as a child. This is an example of which phenomena or condition related to memory? A. Transience B. Retrograde Amnesia C. Misinformation Effect Paradigm D. Relearning

C. Misinformation Effect Paradigm

Claire vividly remembers the day her husband proposed to her, everything from the dress she wore to the scent of coffee that woke her up that morning. This was an extremely emotion-filled day for Claire. This is an example of... a. arousal theory b. suggestibility c. flashbulb memory d. both A and C

d. both A and C

Anna witnessed a robbery in her local gas station and is now being called to describe what she witnessed to the police and investigators. What may not occur in this scenario? a) engram b) suggestibility c) reconstruction d) misinformation effect

a) engram

The following is an example of what type of coding? Marisa practices her Psychology terms in the form of flashcards which have related images attached to them while listening to classical music. a. Semantic and Visual b. Visual, semantic and Acoustic c. Acoustic, Visual, Semantic and Linguistic d. Visual and Linguistic

a. Semantic and Visual

Which type of memory process is being able to access information without cues? A. Recall B. Recognition C. Relearning

A. Recall

What is the correct order of the 3 stages of memory? A) Storage, Retrieval, Encoding B) Retrieval, Encoding, Storage C) Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

C) Encoding, Storage, Retrieval

The Hippocampus is important for what tasks when it comes to memory? A) learning and recall of basic tasks B) Consolidation, episodic, and declarative C) forming, connecting, and producing

B) Consolidation, episodic, and declarative

Describe the relationship between memory consolidation and neurotransmitters A) repeated activity by neurotransmitters causes more neurotransmitters in the synapse and more efficient synaptic connections which allows memory consolidation to occur B) there is no relationship C) no activity in neurotransmitters causes this D) Memory consolidation causes more neurotransmitters in the synapse

A) repeated activity by neurotransmitters causes more neurotransmitters in the synapse and more efficient synaptic connections which allows memory consolidation to occur

While studying, John noticed that he tends to remember psychology terms better if he can directly relate them to his life. What phenomenon is this called? A. Self-Reference Effect B. Rehearsal C. Automatic Processing

A. Self-Reference Effect

What is encoding?

Encoding is the input of information into the memory system.

Alex is a neuroscientist who studies arousal theory, which of the following research descriptions is most closely related to their focus? a. Participants are exposed to emotional films and then asked to perform various tasks. b. Participants are asked to take a memory test 30 minutes, 1 hour, and 3 hours after they wake up from a nap. c. Researchers observe students’ awakened in school and compare it to their grades. d. Researchers interview people who have been through traumatic events regarding their memories of the day.

d. Researchers interview people who have been through traumatic events regarding their memories of the day.

What is the processing that is being described? Encoding of details like time space frequency and the meaning of words? A automatic processing B effortful processing C coding processing D thinking processing.

A automatic processing

Which two are the two factors that affect short-term memory retention? a. ) Memory trace decay and interference b. ) Construction and misattribution c. ) Implicit and explicit memory

a.) Memory trace decay and interference

Which internal state describes learning from experience (similar to secondary reinforcer) A. Drive B. First drive C. Secondary drive D. Biological emotion

C. Secondary drive

What are the 4 stages of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?

Sensory input - sensory memory - short-term memory - long-term memory