Psych 201 Flashcards
Heuristics
simple stinking strategies that allow us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently
Availability heuristic
A mental shortcut strategies for judging the likelihood of an event or situation to occur based on how easily we can think of similar or relevant instances
Story about plane crash leads to reception in flying
Representative heuristic
A mental shortcut strategy for deciding the likelihood of an event based in how much it resembles what we consider to be a “typical” example of that event
If you meet a slim, short, man who wears glasses and likes poetry, what do you think his profession would be? Livy league Prof or Truck Driver
Overconfidence
the tendency to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs
Better-than-average
the tendency t overestimate your skills, abilities, and performance in comparison to others
Hindsight bias
After learning the outcome of an event, many people believe they could have predicted that very outcome
“I knew it all along”
Conformation bias
The tendency to search for information that confirms a personal bias
Belief perseverance
The tendency to cling to our beliefs even in the face of contrary evidence
What are the 3 features of science
systematic empiricism
empirical questioning
public knowledge
What is scientific empiricism
observing the natural world in an unbiased manner
Requires carefully planning, making, recording, and analyzing observations of the world
What is empiricism
learning by observation
What are empirical questions
Follow from systematic empiricism
Attempt to determine how the world actually is and can only be answered by systematically observing it
What makes a good scientist? (6 things)
Sceptical
Open minded
Objective
Empirical
Creative
Articulate
What does it mean to be skeptical?
suspend judgement and evaluate new claims
What does it mean to be objective?
base their opinions on facts rather than on their personal feelings
What does it mean t be empirical?
Updating ideas based on testing falsifiable hypotheses
What does it mean to be articulate?
share ideas among the masses
What is the acronym that describes the strategy used by science denialism
FLICC
What does FLICC stand for
Fake experts or presenting info from questionable sources
Logical fallacies or arguments that use errors in reasoning
Impossible expectations or creating unrealistic goals of certainty before being a fact
Cherry-picking or selecting only data that supports a claim
Conspiracy theory or conjuring a secret scheme to explain straightforward findings
What are some research skills that translate into employability skills?
Project mamagement
Problem-solving
Critical thinking
Analytical skills
Interpretation of numerical information
Communication skills
What are the questions we pose from natural curiosity called?
hypotheses
Should we gather evidence to potentially refute the hypotheses
yes
Steps of the research process –> 6 including repeat
- Define a research question using theory
- Sate a specific and testable hypothesis based on the research question
- Carry out study and collect data
- Analyze and interpret the data
- Revise theory based on data
What are the steps to developing a good research question?
- start with a general research idea
- turn that into an empirically testable research question
- Evaluate how interesting that question really is