PSYCH -… Flashcards
What is the Tronick Still Face Experiment?
A study that demonstrates infant caregiver interactions.
What did Meltzoff & Moore find in their study?
They found evidence of imitation in newborns.
What is a limitation of researching infant caregiver interactions?
It is difficult to draw conclusions as actions may not be conscious or deliberate.
What is a socially sensitive issue in infant caregiver research?
There can be pressure on parents.
What are the practical applications of research on infant caregiver interactions?
It can lead to education for parents.
What did Schaffer aim to assess in his 1964 study?
Whether there was a common pattern of attachment formation among infants.
What were the findings of Schaffer’s study regarding attachment?
No real signs of attachment up to 3 months; preference for certain people after 4 months; primary attachment formed by 7 months; multiple attachments by 9 months.
What was the procedure of Schaffer’s study?
A longitudinal study of 60 babies from Glasgow, observed monthly for the first year and again at 18 months.
What is the Asocial Stage of attachment?
0-2 months: Similar response to people and objects; accept comfort from anyone.
What characterizes the Indiscriminate Stage of attachment?
2-7 months: Prefer familiar people but accept attention from anyone; no separation distress or stranger anxiety.
What happens in the Specific/Discriminate Stage of attachment?
7-9 months: Form primary attachment to the most sensitive caregiver; show separation distress and stranger anxiety.
What occurs in the Multiple Attachments Stage?
9 months+: Form secondary attachments; less separation and stranger anxiety.
What is a limitation of Schaffer’s study?
All babies came from the same working-class area of Glasgow.
What is a benefit of conducting a longitudinal study?
It allows for in-depth observation of attachment development over time.
What did Bowlby believe about attachment?
Attachment is innate and evolutionary, aiding survival for offspring.
What are social releasers according to Bowlby?
Features of babies that trigger an innate need for care, such as big eyes and crying.
What is the critical period for forming attachments?
Infants must form attachments within 2.5 years to avoid irreversible consequences.
What is monotropy in Bowlby’s theory?
The idea that infants form one primary attachment that is more important than others.
What is the internal working model?
The template formed by the monotropic attachment that influences future relationships.
What did Harlow’s study with monkeys demonstrate?
Monkeys preferred comfort over food, indicating attachment is about emotional security.
What did Lorenz’s study on imprinting reveal?
Chicks imprint on the first moving object they see, affecting their mating behavior.
What is the learning explanation of attachment?
Attachment is formed through associations, primarily related to feeding.
What is the Strange Situation method?
A controlled observation to investigate types of attachment.
What does the Strange Situation assess?
Proximity, exploration, stranger anxiety, separation anxiety, and response to reunion.
