psych

Question 1

what is a stereotype?

Answer 1

an oversimplified, generalised set of ideas that we have about others

Question 2

what is an independent variable?

Answer 2

the variable the experimenter deliberately changes

Question 3

what is a dependant variable?

Answer 3

the variable that is measured

Question 4

what is an alternative hypothesis?

Answer 4

states that their is a relationship/difference between the two variables and tries to show that the null hypothesis is not true

Question 5

what is a null hypothesis?

Answer 5

a statement of no relationship between two variables

Question 6

what is a variable?

Answer 6

a thing that can vary or change in an investigation

Question 7

what is a hypothesis?

Answer 7

a clear, precise, testable statement that can be proven right or wrong, like a prediction. E.g the IQ of boys will be greater than the IQ of girls

Question 8

what is meant by operationalised?

Answer 8

variables in an investigation need to be clearly defined (making it clear)

Question 9

what was the aim of the key study ‘William and Best (1994)?

Answer 9

to investigate the extent of stereotyping over 30 different countries

Question 10

what was the method used in the key study ‘William and Best (1994)’?

Answer 10

participants were given over 300 characteristics and asked to state whether the characteristic were more likely to be associated with men, women or both sexes

Question 11

what were the results of the key study ‘William and Best (1994)’?

Answer 11

across the countries, the same characteristic tended to be associated with males and females.
females were described as understanding, emotional and warm
males were described as reckless, hard headed and determined

Question 12

what is a strength of the key study ‘william and best (1994)’ ?

Answer 12

there is a large sample which increases the details, we get a variety of viewpoints and shows us the different stereotypes across the globe. results can also be generalised across the globe

Question 13

what is the aim of the key study ‘rubin et al. (1977)’ ?

Answer 13

to find out if new parents stereotype their babies

Question 14

what method is used in the key study ‘rubin et al. (1977)’ ?

Answer 14

parents were asked to describe their babies within 24 hours of them being born

Question 15

what were the results of the key study ‘rubin et al. (1977)’ ?

Answer 15

parents stereotype their children from a very early age based on their sex despite them showing no stereotypical behaviours.
parents of baby boys described them as being alert and strong whereas parents of baby girls described them as soft and delicate

Question 16

what is observation?

Answer 16

when a researcher watches or listens to participants engaging in whatever behaviour is being studied. they then record what they observe

Question 17

what is a naturalistic observation?

Answer 17

the observation takes place in a natural setting and nothing in the environment is manipulated or changed

Question 18

what are the strengths of a naturalistic observation?

Answer 18

it has high external validity, this means it can be generalised to everyday life

Question 19

what are the weaknesses to a naturalistic observation?

Answer 19

they are not easily replicable as it is taken in a natural environment
lack of control over extraneous variables, things that can affect the investigation for example the time of day which can impact results

Question 20

what is a controlled observation?

Answer 20

the researcher controls or changes aspects of the environment

Question 21

what are strengths of controlled observations?

Answer 21

high control over extraneous variables, high internal validity
easily replicable as your controlling it

Question 22

what are weaknesses of controlled observations?

Answer 22

low external validity- can not be generalised to everyday life because it’s too controlled