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Psychology 101 > psych 101 Midterm 1 > Flashcards

psych 101 Midterm 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of psychology

A

Scientific study of behavior & mental processes of humans & animals

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2
Q

What are the research methods

A

naturalistic observations, case studies, correlations, experimental design

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3
Q

What are the Four Goals of Psychology

A

Description
explanation
prediction
control

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4
Q

Who founded the first psychological laboratories?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

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5
Q

Naturalistic Observations

advantages vs disadvantages

A

A.Watching animals or humans behave in their normal environment
D.Observer Bias - you only see what you want to see
Observer Effect - influencing people just by being there

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6
Q

Case Studies

A

Study of 1 individual(with lots of detail)

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7
Q

Correlations

A

A statistical technique to look for relationships between 2 or more variables

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8
Q

Experimental Design

advantages vs disadvantages

A

Deliberate manipulation of a variable to see if changes in behavior result

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9
Q

Positive Correlation

A

Same Direction ^ ^

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10
Q

Negative Correlation

A

Different Direction -> <-

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11
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable that is being manipulated

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12
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable that is measured after the manipulation of the Independent variable

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13
Q

Experimental group vs. Control Group

A

Gets the drug vs. getting the placebo a.k.a single-blind study

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14
Q

Representative & Random Sampling

A

Participants don’t know a.k.a double-blind study

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15
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalysis:
Early childhood experiences
Unconscious mind(where we repress threatening desires)
Dream interpretation(essential to understanding the unconscious mind)

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16
Q

Behaviorism

A

focuses on observable behavior only

-believed that all behaviors are learned

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17
Q

Cognitive Perspective

A

Focuses on how people think

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18
Q

Biopsychological pr Physiological

A

genetic influences, hormones, & activity within the nervous system

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19
Q

Eclectic Perspective

A

Combination of one or more different psychological perspectives

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20
Q

Humanistic Perspective

A

People have free will or freedom to choose their own destiny

  • Human potential -> Self-actualization
  • Be all that u can be
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21
Q

What is the Nervous System

A
  • Network of specialized cells that carries information

- Controls the way people & animals think, feel, & behave

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22
Q

Neurons

A

the basic cell in the nervous system that receives and sends messages

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23
Q

Nerves

A

bundles of neuron fibers

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24
Q

3 basic parts to a Neuron

A

Dendrites : branch-like; receives messages
Soma : cell body with the nucleus
Axon : tube-like; sends messages to other neurons

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25
Q

Myelin Sheath

A
  • Help protect the axon
  • speeds up messages
  • made up of fatty substance
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26
Q

Where are neurotransmitters stored?

A

in the pre-synaptic vesicles

27
Q

Acetylcholine(Ach)

A

Arousal, Attention, Alzheimer’s

28
Q

Serotonin

A

associated with mood, sleep, & appetite
low levels ->depression
high levels ->aggression

29
Q

Dopamine

A

involved in voluntary movement control, pleasure, & sensations

30
Q

Endorphins

A

Body’s “natural morphine”, pain controller

31
Q

Reuptake

A

Cleans up the synapse and picks up excess neurotransmitters

32
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

consist of the brain, spinal cord, & neurons

33
Q

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

made up of the Autonomic & Somatic Nervous Systems

34
Q

Somatic Nervous System

A

Voluntary Movement: Sensory Pathway: Nerves from sensory neurons of organs to spinal chord
Motor pathway: nerves from CNS to voluntary muscles via motor neurons

35
Q

Autonomic Nervous System

A

Nerves that control involuntary muscles such as organs & glands

36
Q

Sympathetic vs Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Sympathetic: “emergency system” prepares body for flight or fight
Parasympathetic: Restores the body to normal functioning

37
Q

Four Lobes of the Brain

A

Frontal, Parietal, Occipital, Temporal

38
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

Higher Mental descision making, motivational behavior & personality MOTOR CORTEX

39
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

Near Ears; responsible for hearing and meaningful speech

40
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

Top, back; somatosensory cortex processing body & skin’s senses

41
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

Back of head; Contains visual centers of brain

42
Q

Medulla

A

Life-Sustaining Fuction, breathing, heartbeat, swallowing

43
Q

Pons

A

Regulates sleep-wake cycle & dreaming

damage here connected with comas

44
Q

Cerebellum

A

controls & coordinates movements

posture & balance

45
Q

Reticular formation

A

responsible for selective attention (helps keep people alert & aroused)

46
Q

Thalamus

A

Center; acts as relay sorting station for sensory info

47
Q

Hypothalamus

A

responsible for motivational behavior of sleep, hunger, thirst, & sex

48
Q

Hippocampus

A

Formation of long-term memories

49
Q

Amygdala

A

Responsible for fear response, memory of fear, & emotional control

50
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Connects Left and Right Hemisphere

51
Q

Right Hemisphere of Brain

A 
Recognizing faces
    Expressing emotions
    Music
    Reading emotions
    Color
    Images
    Intuition
    Creativity
52
Q

Left Hemisphere of Brain

A 
Language
    Logic
    Critical thinking
    Numbers
    Reasoning
53
Q

Waking Consciousness

A

State in which thoughts, feelings, & sensations are clear, organized & feel alert

54
Q

Altered state of consciousness

A

a shift in pattern of mental activity

55
Q

EEG

A

How brain waves are measured

56
Q

Why do we sleep?

A

Adaptive theory: evolved sleep patterns to avoid predators(sleep usually at night)
Restorative theory: Replenishes chemicals & repairs cellular damage

57
Q

Stages of sleep

A

NREM - 4 stages

REM - dram state

58
Q

Sleepwalking, Sleeptalking, & night terrors

A

Occur in stage 4 of NREM where you are in your deepest sleep

59
Q

Sleep Deprivation

A

causes microsleep “nodding-off” falling asleep, quick sleep

60
Q

REM rebound

A

When you don’t get much REM sleep from sleep deprivation and then the following night u get a larger dose of REM

61
Q

Manifest Content vs. Latent Content

A

Manifest: What actually happens vs Latent: hidden meaning, expressed through symbols

62
Q

Drug Tolerance

A

built up immunity: causing the need for more

63
Q

Physical Dependence vs. Psychological

A

Physical : body needs drugs to function or body will withdraw

Psychological : Feeling that a drug is needed for well being

64
Q

Stimulants vs. Depressants

A

Stimulants : uppers

Depressants : downers

Psychology 101 (1 decks)

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