PSYCH 100 - Chapter 1

Question 1

psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of mind and behavior. (1.1)

Question 2

psychological science

Answer 2

The scientific study of mind and behavior. (1.2)

Question 3

pseudoscience

Answer 3

A Collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly thought to be based on valid science. (1.4)

Question 4

evidence

Answer 4

The available body of facts or information indicating whether a belief or proposition is true or valid. (1.4)

Question 5

empirical

Answer 5

Based on astute observation and accurate measurement. (1.4)

Question 6

critical thinking

Answer 6

The purposeful, reasoned, and goal-oriented process of exploring a situation or problem; it is an essential component of psychological literacy. (1.5)

Question 7

WEIRD samples

Answer 7

Research participants from Western, Educated, Industrialized, Rich, and Democratic backgrounds. (1.6)

Question 8

evolutionary perspective

Answer 8

The psychological perspective on behavior that seeks to identify how humans’ evolutionary past shapes certain cultural universals that all human beings share, such as the preference for fairness. (1.7)

Question 9

culture

Answer 9

The rules, values, customs, and beliefs that exist within a group of people who share a common language and environment; culture passes from generation to generation as children learn it from their parents, caregivers, and the larger society. (1.7)

Question 10

cultural perspective

Answer 10

The psychological perspective that seeks to understand how cultural context affects people’s thoughts and preferences. (1.7)

Question 11

cognitive perspective

Answer 11

The psychological perspective that studies the mental processes that underlie perception, thought, learning, memory, language, and creativity. (1.8)

Question 12

emotional perspective

Answer 12

The psychological perspective that seeks to understand how the human capacity to feel, express, and perceive emotions plays an important role in decision making, behavior, and social relationships. (1.8)

Question 13

unconscious

Answer 13

The part of our mental life that influences our thoughts, feelings, and actions that we cannot directly observe and of which we are unaware. (1.8)

Question 14

biological-neuroscience perspective

Answer 14

The psychological perspective that seeks to understand the biological underpinnings of how humans think, act, and behave. (1.9)

Question 15

developmental perspective

Answer 15

The psychological perspective that studies how people change physically, cognitively, socially, and emotionally as they age. (1.10)

Question 16

personality perspective

Answer 16

The psychological perspective that seeks to understand aspects of human behavior that are relatively stable over time and situation. (1.10)

Question 17

social psychological perspective

Answer 17

The psychological perspective that studies the ways in which immediate social contexts influence thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, independent of personality. (1.10)

Question 18

clinical perspective

Answer 18

The psychological perspective that focuses on the causes and treatment of psychological disorders, with the goal of improving human well-being, daily functioning, and social relationships. (1.10)

Question 19

growth mindset

Answer 19

The belief that human personality and behavior can be changed. (1.10)

Question 20

positive psychology

Answer 20

The scientific study of the factors that make people happy, keep them healthy, and help them manage stress; includes the study of important human experiences, such as hope, courage, and creativity. (1.11)

Question 21

metacognition

Answer 21

An awareness and understanding of your own thought processes. (1.13)